Article 1 Response
Even though we inherit the same amount of DNA from both parents , according to scientists at the University of North Carolina, the paternal line is stronger to determine how we are as we grow and become adults, especially in what health status. The research was done in laboratory mice but suggests that the same thing happens for all mammals, including humans. Is it to say that if we become adults, it is our father's fault? Well, it's a way of looking at it, although the researchers do not put it that way. According to the results of the research, although each son inherits the same amount of genetic mutations from both parents, he "uses" more of his father, fundamentally those that manifest in adult ages.
Fernando Pardo Manuel de Villena, in charge of the study, points out that the inheritance of the same gene may have different consequences in the future depending on whether it was inherited from the father or mother. A maternally inherited disease may not even manifest itself. Incase its inherited from the father, it probably does, and much more strongly. It is well known that some diseases are hereditary, but now scientists claim that many of them are inherited more usually if the father carries the gene (Lanie et al., 2004). These include diseases such as diabetes type two , obesity, heart disease and schizophrenia . This discovery changes the way hereditary diseases are conceived in the world of medicine. Now scientists can better understand the mechanism by which certain genetic mutations are inherited and manifested and not others.
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Article 2 Response
Much is said about the effects on the baby as the elderly mother, but not so much when it is the man who becomes a father beyond his forties. His genes influence the health of the baby to the same extent as the woman's by providing 50 percent of the genetic information. According to a study conducted by the University of Indiana, in the United States, in collaboration with medical researchers of the Karolinska Institute (Stockholm) the older the father, the greater the risk to the child's mental health . It has been done on the basis of a large number of data from children born in Sweden between 1973 and 2001 and have found that the more years the parent has at birth, the child may have a higher rate of psychiatric and school problems (Hastings & Brown, 2002) . The researchers' explanation is that, unlike women who are born with a certain number of eggs, men continue their entire lives producing spermatozoa, which undergo changes in DNA since of environmental factors. Molecular genetics studies confirm that the spermatozoa of older men have more genetic mutations.
This does not mean that the children of all older men will suffer mental problems or disorders such as ADHD, but it cannot be denied that the biological clock also passes for the man and consequently brings an increased risk of mental problems in children. Children of large parents at birth were twice as likely to commit suicide and to use drugs. The age of the father at the time of conception would influence more than that of the mother in the risk of their children to suffer diseases of genetic origin. The scientists also discovered that the number of genetic errors was higher among the offspring of older parents and that for every year a man delays his paternity, his offspring has two new mutations (Tyssen & Vaglum, 2002). Children whose father is twenty years old have an average of 25 new mutations, while children whose father has turned 40 add up to 65 genetic alterations. According to research, the emergence of disorders related to brain functions, such as autism, schizophrenia, dyslexia or intellectual retardation is closely related to these gene mutations and, therefore, to the age of the father when having their offspring.
References
Hastings, R. P., & Brown, T,. (2002). Behavior problems of children with autism, parental self-efficacy, and mental health American journal on mental retardation , 107 (3), 222-232.
Lanie, A. D., Jayaratne, T. E., Sheldon, J. P., Kardia, S. L., Anderson, E. S., Feldbaum, M., & Petty, E. M. (2004). Exploring the public understanding of basic genetic concepts Journal of genetic counseling , 13 (4), 305-320
Tyssen, R., & Vaglum, P,. (2002). Mental health problems among young doctors: an updated review of prospective studies Harvard review of psychiatry , 10 (3), 154-165.
