Martin Luther (1483- 1546)
Martin’s perspective on childhood education teaches children how to read because reading was essential in understanding the Bible. Also, parents and the community had the most significant role in guiding the children on reading. Luther advocated that both boys and girls should be educated universally ( Mandal, 2019) . The children should be taught about social, physical, intellectual, and religious aspects rather than being taught through storytelling. Catholics and other denominations adopted Luther's views to teach orphans in all parts of the world. Up to today, Luther’s perspective is practiced widely and contributed to the philosophy that education should be universal, learning is critical, and effectuated the vital role of parents and the community on childhood education.
John Amos Comenius (1552-1670)
Comenius believed that children's education should start at an early age to grow in godly ways. Also, he believed that childhood learning should be timetabled because there is specific content for learning at a particular period. According to him, children should start being taught at the age of six and with grade levels, which are still used today ( Mandal, 2019) . He also advised that the children be taught using their sensory skills since learning will be more accessible. Therefore, picture books can be used to teach children about objects and their surroundings. The most significant impact of Comenius is that he developed the first picture book, which is still used today to teach children. Also, through his emphasis on sensory training, many children are taught using the method today.
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John Locke (1632-1704)
Locke's perspective of the importance of early childhood education was based on his belief in the impact of the environment on a child's growth. He believed that children are born with empty slates which need to be filled by education. According to Locke, the quality of the environment's content will influence the quality of the child's education ( Mandal, 2019) . He advocated that the children should be given the best form of teaching to adapt well in any society. Also, he advised that the children be treated with gentleness and be allowed to explore the world without restraint since nurturing the children would be more effective. Locke has a great connection to the current education system because early education strives to compensate for an unstable environment ( Mandal, 2019) . Also, more children are allowed to engage in environmental activities, making the children succeed in school.
Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778)
According to Rousseau, children should be allowed to engage in natural education, where they are left to develop their talents and strengths without interferences. Also, the children should be educated with happiness, impulsiveness, and inquisitiveness ( Mandal, 2019) . According to him, the children develop according to their timetable, so they should not be subjected to inappropriate content. Besides, their education should start at birth into adulthood. He encouraged the parents to reason with their children when administering education in the environment ( Mandal, 2019) . Rousseau's perspective is still used today in early childhood education because it has been kept the center of any developing curriculum by incorporating their readiness in the learning content.
Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi (1746-1827)
Pestalozzi believes that education should be admitted to the children by following their nature, and mothers should be the ones to steer their education. According to him, the teachers should concentrate on teaching and not administering subjects ( Mandal, 2019) . Also, formal education should be incorporated in schools to understand vocational training, reading, writing, and home education. The children should be subjected to sensory learning where more learning manipulations can be added. Pestalozzi's philosophy and today's education system's primary connection is that it shaped the ideal way of developing children's learning methods while focusing on the parents as the primary educator ( Mandal, 2019) . Also, the perspective of informal education is used today in many schools.
Reflection on the Principles
One has to understand early childhood education history by learning the trail left behind by early educators and philosophers in the educational field. Comprehensive information is found in ancient Greek and the age of enlightenment. In our early childhood education, what we use today is shaped by historical philosophy, beliefs that are constantly redefined to suit our current childhood education ( Tridimas, 2019) . Therefore, there are many principles that I need to adopt from each ancient philosopher and use as I teach in school. For instance, Martin Luther has applicable regulations that are needed while teaching. I want to make everyone believe that the main reason for educating a child is to know how to read. The ability to read can help the child to interact with all races. Also, I might need to involve the community's resources to make the children learn effectively. A lot of inspirations can be learned from Comenius's philosophy ( Bakken et al., 2017) . He advocates for an earlier introduction of education in schools. Since I live in an area where parents are working shifts, I can use his philosophy to introduce early education to children. I can use a variety of picture books to educate the children about their environment. Besides, I can use Locke's philosophy to decide the content I can teach the children since, according to Locke, the children need to be filled with quality information ( Bakken et al., 2017) . I can use Rousseau's philosophy to encourage my students to develop their talents without allowing any obstacles to influence them. The primary purpose is to make the child happy and inquisitiveness which helps in their creativity. I can also enable the child to unfold new educational contents at their own time and speed to shape their careers. Finally, I can use Pestalozzi's philosophy principles to enlighten my students on the importance of vocational training, which can help them improve on their specific careers.
References
Bakken, L., Brown, N., & Downing, B. (2017). Early childhood education: The long-term benefits. Journal of research in Childhood Education , 31 (2), 255-269. https://doi.org/10.1080/02568543.2016.1273285 .
Mandal, D. (2019). JOHN LOCKE, ROUSSEAU, AND JOHN DEWEY: CONCEPTIONS OF CHILDHOOD EDUCATION. JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND DEVELOPMENT , 557. http://www.journaledudev.in/journal/Vol-9%20June%202019.pdf#page=578 .
Tridimas, G. (2019). The failure of ancient Greek growth: institutions, culture, and energy cost. Journal of Institutional Economics , 15 (2), 327-350. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1744137418000188 .
