Global warming mainly refers to the increase in temperature across the entire world notably since the 1970s because of the rise in increased usage of fossil fuels since the industrial revolution started. On the other hand, climate change refers to the global phenomena that are created predominantly by the burning of fossil fuels that results in trapping of greenhouse gases in the earth’s atmosphere. The pro side of climate change and global warming argues that the rising levels of greenhouse gases are due to human activities such as the increased burning of fuels resulting in increasing and significant severe climate changes that include global warming, more droughts, stronger storms, sea level rise, and loss of sea ice ( DaMatta, Avila, Cardoso, Martins, & Ramalho, 2018 ). The con side states that the number of greenhouse gases generated by human activities is too small to cause any change in the world’s climate change and that the plant is capable of managing and absorbing that changes. Humanity can perform special activities to ensure that the climate change and global warming effect are not severe and they can be changed for the better. One way is through forgoing the use of fossil fuels; this is because they release carbon dioxide a gas that is responsible for the greenhouse effect and other sources of energy such as water, wind, and the sun would be a better option. Another option is the infrastructure upgrade; it is evident that bad roads result in higher fuel consumption compared and building materials such as cement contribute to higher greenhouse gases ( Boykoff, Daly, McAllister, McNatt, Nacu-Schmidt, Oonk, & Pearman, 2018 ). These options are right, and there are other ways such as moving closer to the workstation and spending less. Spending less on non-biodegradable comedies will result in reduced greenhouse emissions. Furthermore, reducing the transportation time is another factor that can reduce the effect of the climate change and global warming as it reduces the emission of greenhouse gases ( Marx, Kumar, Thober, Rakovec, Wanders, Zink, & Samaniego, 2018 ). The global warming and climate change controversy is a current dispute about the effects of the human activities on global climate scale, and the policies that should be implemented to avoid any severe and possible undesirable effects of the climate change. The specific pro side is burning of fuels which increase the number of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. The con side argues that that natural process including ocean currents and solar heat is the primary cause of climate change. Human activities play a crucial role in global warming and climate, governments and international organisation should implement ways on how to reduce the effects.
Although the effects of climate change are becoming severe the first solution to reverse the impact of climate is to forego fossil fuels. Fossil fuels such as oil, natural gas, and coal are the main contributors of carbon dioxide a gas that causes the greenhouse effect. Other sources of energy such as solar, hydroelectric power, and nuclear energy do not emit carbon dioxide meaning that they are safer than fossil fuels. Furthermore, the green energy sources such as water, wind, and sun are readily available, and they do not cost much to produce ( Kabisch, Frantzeskaki, Pauleit, Naumann, Davis, Artmann, & Zaunberger, 2016 ). Fossil fuels account for more than 40 % of the carbon dioxide released into the atmosphere through car emissions, industrial emissions, and burning of coal. Using alternative sources of fuel to fossil fuels would be important in reducing the amount of carbon dioxide released into the atmosphere, and it is a breakthrough to climate change ( Ostrom, 2016 ). Primarily, firms should employ alternative where possible and invest in the shift of moving from oil stock and further practice carbon capture and storage.
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Furthermore, infrastructure upgrade, some of the set-ups across the worlds are significant causes of climate change. Buildings around the world contribute to more than one-third of greenhouse gas emissions although they are investing in thicker insulation, temperature-regulating steps, and cost-effective strategies that can result in saving money. Further, electric grids are overloaded, but the demand for power is still rising ( Dasgupta, Ramanathan, Raven, P., Sorondo, Archer, Crutzen, & Schellnhuber, 2015 ). The road, on the other hand, can increase consumption of fuel even for the most efficient vehicles. Radically upgrading in transmission lines and existing highways and investing in new infrastructure would go a long way in cutting greenhouse gas emission and also drive economic growth in underdeveloped nations. Likewise, it takes a lot of cement to construct new roads and buildings and at the same time cement is a significant cause of greenhouse gas emission ( Mbow, Van Noordwijk, Luedeling, Neufeldt, Minang, & Kowero, 2014 ). For instance, the united states contribute more than 50.7 million metric tons of carbon dioxide per year. In this case, cement-making processes and energy-efficient buildings can reduce in greenhouse gas emission in both developed and developing nation resulting in a better climate.
Thirdly, moving or living closer to work can result in a better climate with reducing emissions of greenhouse gases. Transportation is the second highest source of greenhouse gas across the world ( Wamsler, Pauleit, Zölch, Schetke, & Mascarenhas, 2017 ). Moreover, it does not have to be that way if people lived near their workplaces as this would reduce the travel time and also the amount of fuel they spend on their vehicles. Similarly, other forms of transportation such as mass transportation should be preferred than private cars as mass transportation reduces the burning of fuel ( Creutzig, Jochem, Edelenbosch, Mattauch, van Vuuren, McCollum, & Minx, 2015 ). The argument is that through mass transportation the vehicle will transport many people as to compared to when an individual drive his or herself to work. Consequently, walking and cycling are some of the better alternatives as they do not require any burning of fuels and they only require human energy. To emphasize, cutting down the long distance to the workplace especially aeroplane flights would be a better move towards green energy.
Additionally, spending less is another way of reducing the effects of climate change and greenhouse gas emission. This strategy is the easiest and best method of reducing greenhouse gas emission which is the primary factor leading to climate change and global warming ( Thompson, & Martuzzi, 2017 ). Primarily, whether it is cutting back on consumption employing reusable grocery sacks, or forgoing automobile they all results in reduced fossil fuel consumption. Moreover, people should think green when making a purchase. For example, when buying a car, an individual should go for a new one and one that would last longer and have less impact on the environment. The vehicles with hybrid engine should be preferred as they are fuel efficient and while saving the environmental impact of greenhouse gases. Additionally, when purchasing essentials like groceries on should buy them in bulk so that he or she can reduce the number of cardboard boxes, packaging-plastic wrapping, other unnecessary materials ( Cole, 2015 ). Moreover, sometimes buying more in return means consuming less.
To sum up, climate change and global warming have become significant problems across the world. This is due to the high number of greenhouse gas release from human activities such as geology, the use of fossil fuels, and transportation among other activities. Governments and international organisations need to formulate structure and policies that will help prevent the release of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. Such strategies include preferring other sources of energy apart from fossil fuels. This includes solar energy, water and wind. Further, cutting down the transport distance is an essential factor. This is essential as vehicles are regarded as the second highest emitters of carbon dioxide a gas that causes the greenhouse effect. People should use other means of transport which are cheaper and environmentally friendly such as walking and cycling. Another important step would be an upgrade of infrastructure. Better round and reduced traffic mean less fuel consumption. The responsibility of protecting the environment does not only lie with the government and international organisations but also with the citizens.
References
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