The brain is the central system in the body and plays the function of transforming the components of the mind which include thoughts, attitude, creativity along with memories. The content of the mind is translated into complicated patterns of the nerve cell and excretion of chemicals. The brain and the mind are two different things this means the brain is the structure, but the mind is the function. The functions of the brain which is the mind happen as activities. The mind and brain depend on each other to perform their tasks. The features of the brain include thinking, emotions, solving problems, judgment, hearing, hormonal tension, respiration, and coordination. The mind is responsible for performing these functions of the brain. The brain cannot function without the mind they rely on each other for the proper functioning of the cognitive activities.
The purpose of this paper is to analyze the interrelationship between the mind and the brain. The first section of the article will discuss the relationship between the mind the mind the brain. The second section will outline the differences between the mind and the brain. The third part of the paper will discuss the changes that occur in human’s mind and brain. The last section will outline the concluding remarks about the mind and brain.
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Background Information
The mind and the brain are perceived to be two different structure carrying different functions. In specific instances, the brain and mind are used to men the same thing which should not be the case. For many years, scholars have been trying to figure out whether the psychological along with mental characteristic is similar to the physical traits. The researchers try to determine the relationship between the mind and brain (Friedenberg and Silverman, 2008).
Literature Review
The Relationship between the Mind and Brain
The interrelationship between the mind and brain is complicated. The two concepts that distinguish the relationship between the mind and brain are dualism along with monism. The dualistic theory states that the brain and mind have different functions and are independent. The monism principle says that the brain and mind are made up of one structure in the body. The mind controls the human behaviors and conscious activities.
Consciousness can be related to the mind. Awareness refers to the recognition of the surroundings and one's being. It is objective to a person with changes in intensity which results in sensitivity. Various tool including PET and fMRI has examined consciousness. The results indicated that the brain is activated in several parts for a stimulus. Observational studies suggest that brain disorders lead to loss of consciousness (Soon et al., 2008) . The conscious experience is also related to the mind. The neural activities result in the conscious experience of readiness ability. The awareness of movement leads to readiness and lateralized abilities. The lateralized readiness ability performs as a neural activity on the motor cortex in the sphere that monitors the body. According to Soon et al. (2008), claimed that awareness movement could be as a result of neural activities that are connected to a selection of an event in pursuit of a particular goal. Besides, a section of the medial frontal cortex contributes to proposed actions.
Consciousness is also related to the brain. In case the brain is altered physically, it affects the knowledge. For instance, physical stimulation of brightness striking the eye sets off a sequence of neural and mental activities. The brain can be changed through the administration of mind-altering stimulants through the performance of anesthetics which results in unconsciousness. This is an indication that the mind follows the actions that are set by the brain. The brain and the mind are intertwined because altering the neural activity in one part of the brain results in unconsciousness in mind.
The brain and the mind are dependent on each other to perform the similar functions. For example, the brain triggers memories, carries out computation in mathematics exams, but the mind is responsible for giving the feedback. The mind supplements the activities that are carried out in the brain.
Source: (Sign and Sign, 2011)
From the illustration above, it is a clear indication that the mind and brain are dependent on each other to carry out the activities of listening, breathing, seeing, thinking, meditating, understanding, and expressing emotions.
Difference between the Mind and Brain
The mind is the non-material component of identity but the brain the physical composition of the body. The brain is the organ, but the mind is not an organ. The brain is the physical system that contains the mind. It is the system in which electrical pulses that form thoughts are contained. The human body monitors activities, movements, and transfer impulses with the assistance of the brain. People use the mind to think, meditate, and understand concepts. The mind can be described as the expressions of thoughts, attitudes, feelings, intuition, and fantasies that are carried out in the brain. The mind is the realization of the conscious activities, and the capability to monitor the activities we carry out (Carlson, 2017) .
Changes in the Mind with Age
As individuals begin getting older, their mentally capacity transforms in various ways. The changes occur in the three stages including early, middle along with late. The first stage is the adolescent stage which comprises of individuals between the ages of twenty to forty years. The intellectual capacity of most individuals is usually high. The mind and brain in the adolescent stage are active. Adolescents perform all the activities in an efficient manner including thinking, movement, and sleeping. Their memory capacity is high, and they solve problems on their own. At this stage, many individuals have the capability of making innovations. All the parts of their brains are functional which results in high performance of their functions.
The second stage is the middle stage which comprises of individuals who are between the ages of forty to sixty years old. Individuals in this stage continue to increase their skills through storing information they had acquired in the past. The middle-aged persons have difficulties in processing information, memorizing things, and have low reasoning (Carlson, 2017) . This is an indication that the mind and brain of middle-aged adults have a more moderate performance capacity. The part of the brain that is responsible for memory, reasoning and processing information is the telencephalon.
The telencephalon is the significant part of the front-brain which is located in the upper section of the brain. It consists of four sections that are cerebral cortex, amygdala, hippocampus, and the basal ganglia. The functions of cerebral cortex include speaking, memory, and judgment. The basal ganglia control the functioning of the motor and speech. The purpose of the hippocampus and amygdala is the expression of feelings. The hippocampus and amygdala control the main activities of the brain such as learning, communicating and coming up with solutions (Carlson, 2017) . These activities also affect the functioning of the mind. The middle-aged individuals are changed in the telencephalon part of the brain.
The last stage is the late adulthood which consists of adults that are aged sixty years and above. In this stage, the individuals experience a complete loss of memory which results in Alzheimer disease. The senses of the old people begin to decline including vision and hearing. This is an indication that the brain is inactive due to old age (Carlson, 2017) . The telencephalon is wholly damaged which spreads to the other parts of the brain. The parts of the brain that is responsible for sensitivity are mesencephalon and the midbrain.
The components of the mesencephalon are tectum along with tegmentum. The tectum is located below the brain which comprises two bumps referred to as colliculi. The inferior, as well as the superior colliculi, perform different activities. The secondary function monitors the acoustic set up, and the excellent function is responsible for the regulation sight (Carlson, 2017) . The tectum of the old adults is damaged which results in the loss of sight. This affects the mind which controls the activities of the brain.
The midbrain of the old adults is affected leading to altering their senses. The midbrain is made up of two sections which include tegmentum and tectum. The tegmentum and tectum sections perform the function of controlling sight, communication as well as mobility. The cerebrum section of the brain helps individual to read, think, learn language, express feelings, and move along. It also controls listening and vision among other senses. The cerebrum is divided into four parts that include temporal and parietal, frontal and occipital. The occipital part of the cerebrum is responsible for receiving and analyzing visual data. The temporal section controls the cognitive activities such as learning the language, meditating, knowing, engaging in conversations and making decisions (Carlson, 2017) . The cerebrum of the aged individuals is affected which leads to poor performance of its functions.
In conclusion, the mind and brain are different sections, but they perform similar activities. They are dependent on each other to complete the events of the body. The principal activities of the brain include thinking, expressing emotions, coming up with solutions, making decisions, listening, balancing of hormones, coordination, and breathing. The activities performed in the brain are similar to those of the mind. The difference between the mind and the brain is that the mind is an invisible composition of a personality but the brain is a physical component of the body. The activities of the mind are conducted in the brain. The parts of the brain assist the performance of the functions of the mind. As people get old, their brains reduce their performance which affects their senses such as vision and hearing. Seniors suffer from memory loss due to decline in the functioning of the brain.
References
Carlson, N. R. (2017). Physiology of behavior . (12th Ed). Boston, MA.
Singh, A. R., & Singh, S. A. (2011). Brain-mind dyad, human experience, the consciousness tetrad and lattice of mental operations: And further, the need to integrate knowledge from diverse disciplines. Mens Sana Monographs , 9 (1), 6.
Soon, C. S., Brass, M., Heinze, H. J., & Haynes, J. D. (2008). Unconscious determinants of free decisions in the human brain. Nature Neuroscience , 11 (5), 543.
