Normative and non-normative incidents in one’s life are vital in understanding and appreciating how change affects personal satisfaction. Normative describes the perfect standard and is grounded on what is thought to be ordinary, while non-normative is the guidance that is not perceived as typical (Santrock, 2015) . It is vital to acknowledge that when stress and anxiety meddle with an individual's ability to carry on with their usual life, it adversely affects both the body and the brain.
Zoutewelle-Terovan and Liefbroer (2018) investigated the long-term consequences of non-normative experiences, particularly regarding family transitions during young-adulthood. Applying micro-level statistics from the Generations and Gender Survey Wave from 12 European nations, the results indicated that never having a live-in partner and childlessness increase the vulnerability to loneliness later in life (Hansen & Slagsvold, 2015) . Indeed, the study asserted that early transitions were unconnected isolation later in life, but the deferment of marriage and parentage increases chances of loneliness later in life compared to having transitioned "on-time." The research concluded non-normative family decisions increase chances of loneliness in old age (Zoutewelle-Terovan & Liefbroer, 2018) . Since loneliness describes an inconsistency between one's preferred and prevailing quality and quantity of social relations, it is conclusive atypical family choices adversely affect the quality of life in later years.
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Yeh (2018) , o n the other hand, focused on the effect of experiencing hardship early in life on an individual’s subjective age and communication systems. The study asserts that adversities during childhood and adolescence accelerate a young person’s subjective age in their young adult years. Additionally, experiencing hardships during the early stages of development may work to foster personal growth and psychological changes that impact how an individual communicates. The study concludes non-normative life events early in life makes an individual feel subjectively older, which is depicted in the way the person communicates (Yeh, 2018) .
Life span developmentalists argue that an individual's development and by extension, their quality of life is influenced by history-graded, age-graded, and non-normative factors (Leikas & Salmela-Aro, 2014) . The contrast between the two articles is evident in the fact that one showcases an apparent advantage of experiencing non-normative event early in life while the other pinpoints the adverse consequences of non-normative family choices during old-age. Irrespective of the nature of the effects, it is apparent atypical events, directly and indirectly, influence an individual's quality of life.
References
Hansen, T., & Slagsvold, B. (2015). Late-life loneliness in 11 European countries: Results from the generations and gender survey. Social Indicators Research , 1-20.
Leikas, S., & Salmela-Aro, K. (2014). Personality trait changes among young Finns: The role of life events and transitions. Personality .
Santrock, J. (2015). Life-span development. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: McGraw Hill Publishing Co.
Yeh, D. M. (2018). The influence of negative life events on young adults subjective aging and communication. ProQuest: Thesis in Communicology , 1-242.
Zoutewelle-Terovan, M., & Liefbroer, A. C. (2018). Swimming against the stream: Non-normative family transitions and loneliness in later life across 12 nations. The Gerontologist , 1096-1108.
