Crime is a wrongdoing against the community; however, the civil tort is also classified as a crime. This paper analyses the criminal offenses of the first case study in which Sarah made an offer to Carty-Shaw to kill Imam Nassir away of proving that he loves her. Carty –Shaw attacked Ms. Nassir in a knife attack to discharge the obligation that left her to near death with severe injuries. Therefore, Caty-show committed attempted murder while Sarah committed the offense of encouraging or assisting another person to commit a crime.
In the analysis, the two offenders had a dark triad personality disorder, which is best explain to contribute to crime as described by the social theory. As demonstrated by Carty-Shaw and Sarah's behavior, they did not recognize that committing murder is an act that is a crime and against the religious belief of the society, but instead, they valued their self-interest over the life of Nassir. The legal issues that are arising from the facts and inconsistent with the dark triad are juvenile delinquency and home base violation
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Juvenile delinquency
Narcissism is a personality disorder in which an individual demonstrates preoccupied highest level of self-superiority over others. People with Narcissistic personality disorder are the potential candidate for a criminal act in a relationship. Even though it is challenging to know that a partner has a narcissistic personality disorder, since the majority show everyday charisma as any other individual, they are more obsessed with attention and can pick any slight evidence of perceived criticism. The behavior depicted by the defendants is well elaborated in the dark triad personality theory of psychology. An individual with a dark triad personality exhibit three-element of action; narcissism, psychopathy, and Machiavellianism . People who show all the elements of the dark triad ha high probability of committing the crime.
Concerning the facts of the case, Sarah Momahemed gave a conditional term that Carty-Shaw has to fulfill to accept him back and kill his ex-girlfriend, Ms. Nassir, because she was in communication with Carty-Shaw. This is a manipulative trait that indicates machiavellianism ( Collison et al., 2018 ). Sarah values her relationship so much that she places it above the life of Nassir. She would rather have Nassir be killed to secure her relationship. In Society, a narcissistic person is more likely to commit a criminal offense if she/he perceived betrayal.
The incident of childhood crime has been a topic that has been understudied; however, the case study has brought out the complication of childhood exposure as a causative factor to juvenile delinquency ( Wright et al., 2017) . This fact agrees with some studies showing that dark triad and childhood exposure contribute to delinquency. The key demographic factors that contribute to early childhood crime are radicalization, early childhood abuse.
It is a coincidence that both Sarah and Carty-Shaw had varying levels of triad personalities. Carty-Shaw has more level of psychopathy as evidenced by the abnormal behavior he presented to Nassir, Sarah more manipulative than Carty-Shaw, but both have a high degree of narcissism. With both at the age below 17 years, the type of crime they committed is therefore under delinquency attributed by dark triad personalities. Carty-Shaw and Nassir observed that a psychopathic individual is social and open; however, they act violently.
Early childhood exposure, which includes household stress, negligence, and child abuse, is more likely to be attributed to the development of criminal traits in children at a teenager ( Baglivio et al., 2020) . Affection and love have never been approved through a criminal act, but a particular way of solving issues can be used to determine the potential threat he is to the other partner.
Both Sarah and Carty-Shaw are a potential threat to Society. Carty-Shaw can murder to prove his love to Sarah; however, the act evidenced that he Is capable of being loyal to a radicalized group and committing a serious offense as long as he acts in the direction of his masters. Sarah is a candidate capable of making the judgment that benefits her without considering the injuries it causes to others.
Gender-based violence
Women have been the most affected by gender-based violence. They are naturally vulnerable to abuse from their male counterparts of either the same age or older. 1 out of 4 women in the United Kingdom is more likely to be domestic violence victims in their lifetime ( Myhill et al., 2017) . Women's vulnerability has led to forced marriage, sexual assault, murder by their partners or ex-partners, and existence in an abusive relationship. The Nassir was generally defenseless to the knife attack that left her with severe injury from the custody.
Gender-based violence is a global social issue in society, and it is the leading cause of homicide among women. According to AVA, an average of 400,000 women are sexually assaulted, and 8,000 women get raped every year in the United Kingdom alone. This number makes a more considerable impact on the global statistic, indicating that approximately 137 women are killed by their intimate partner or a family member every day, as reported by the united nation, World’s women 2020 ( Satyen et al., 2020).
The case study established that Carty-Shaw had low intellectual capacity and was therefore easily persuaded to commit an offense. As a symbolic situation under which most men assault and torture women, lack of academic ability is mostly attributed to drug consumption. Some studies have shown that undergraduate students in Britain are the majority of the heaviest drug abuser in Europe. Other studies have also demonstrated that a significant proportion of teenage boys and girls in England have consumed illegal drugs at least more than once.
Article peer review
According to the study conducted by Baglivio et al., 2020, they found that childhood experiences and psychopathic features have a significant role in juvenile delinquency. As explained by the dark triad personality disorder, criminal behavior is developed just like cognitive development. Therefore, a child who has exposure to a hostile environment like lifelong antisocial behavior, neglect, and household stressors is more likely to develop all the dark triad element related to t
The second article consistent with the dark triad is the research conducted by Alsheikh et al., 2020, among youths. The result indicated that the Dark triad and demographic variables directly impact the delinquency associated with psychosocial disabilities. The study stated that Machiavellianism increases with the delinquency levels, narcissism is moderately associated with crime, and psychopathy is a significant force of delinquency. Both articles articulate the psychological behavior demonstrated by Carty-Show, who more psychopathic, and Sarah, who is more narcissistic.
Conclusion
This paper has highlighted some of the critical issues that should be addressed from the root because they predispose children to criminal behavior development. Some of the losses that society incurs due to criminal behavior of the youth are; Loss of future professionals, increase in gender-based violence, increase disability among the victim, and loss of lives. The following are the recommendation for mitigation of the impact of dark triad personality disorder;
Introducing life skills education; This is a subject that enables young people to develop problem-solving skills in their course of life. Some of the main areas that it addresses are communication skills, critical thinking skills, self-awareness, and esteem.
Parental care; Parents are encouraged to have time with their children and positively explore the environment. If left alone without proper parental care, most children are more likely to feel neglected and develop low self-esteem than children who experience parental love.
Counseling strategies in schools; Schools should establish counseling units and train psychologists who can identify students with personality disorders as a preventive measure at the early stage of childhood. A personality disorder is wholly treated when a child is developing.
References
Alsheikh Ali, A. S. A. (2020). Delinquency as predicted by dark triad factors and demographic variables. International Journal of Adolescence and Youth , 25 (1), 661-675.
Baglivio, M. T., Wolff, K. T., DeLisi, M., & Jackowski, K. (2020). The role of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and psychopathic features on juvenile offending criminal careers to age 18. Youth violence and juvenile justice , 18 (4), 337-364.
Collison, K. L., Vize, C. E., Miller, J. D., & Lynam, D. R. (2018). Development and preliminary validation of a five-factor model measure of Machiavellianism. Psychological Assessment , 30 (10), 1401.
Satyen, L., Supol, M., Ranganathan, A., & Toumbourou, J. W. (2020). International and Cross-Cultural Research on Men’s Violence against Female Intimate Partners. The SAGE Handbook of Domestic Violence , 40.
Wright, J. P., Morgan, M. A., Almeida, P. R., Almosaed, N. F., Moghrabi, S. S., & Bashatah, F. S. (2017). Malevolent forces: Self-control, the Dark Triad, and crime. Youth violence and juvenile justice , 15 (2), 191-215.
