Companies in different industries innovate internally or externally. One of the companies that has adhered to a policy of internal innovation is Adobe Kickstart. There is an initiative within this company during which an employee within the organization can sign up for an innovative workshop that takes two days. During the workshop, the employees are provided with a pre-paid credit card worth $1,000 that they use to test an idea and create a prototype. After pitching and getting the approval from the executives, the employees then receive funding that would enable them to take their prototype to another level up to the testing of the prototype.
Contrastingly, Coca Cola Company is one of the organizations that have been acquiring technology by using external means. The company takes innovative needs to higher learning institutions, technology companies, and research institutes to determine whether the technologies are still existent or whether they are being developed. the innovations allow the company to tap into the brains of the professionals and students to determine whether the innovations being developed meet their needs. In the light of the assessment regarding internal and external innovation, the annotated bibliography looks into some of the publications that compare the two innovative approaches.
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Damanpour, F., & Gopalakrishnan, S. (2001). The dynamics of the adoption of product and process innovations in organizations. Journal of management studies , 38 (1), 45-65.
The authors primarily focus on the different patterns of adopting product as well as process innovations within individual firms. They examine the type of innovation that firms readily adopt, those that might lead to lead or lag, and the effect of the adoption on the performance of the organization. In their assessment, the authors conclude that organization prefer the adoption of product innovations rather than process innovation.
One of the strengths of the study relates to the idea that the sample size was adequate enough to provide conclusive results. The sample size involved 101 commercial banks in the United States, which were exposed to innovations introduced between the year 1982 and 1993. From the study, the researchers discovered that there is an existing positive association between the adoption of product innovation compared to process innovations. The weakness of the study is that the researchers focus primarily on the service or banking industry without the consideration of other industries.
The source would be valuable for the project in the sense that it provides a difference between product and process innovation. Innovations can be either product or service related. For this reason, creating a distinction between the two types of innovations would be vital.
Adams, R., Jeanrenaud, S., Bessant, J., Denyer, D., & Overy, P. (2016). Sustainability ‐ oriented innovation: a systematic review. International Journal of Management Reviews , 18 (2), 180-205.
The paper contributes to the abstract development of sustainability-oriented innovation. The authors provide guidance on the aspect of being sustainable in terms of innovation. In this light, they integrate empirical literature that focus on the making of intentional changes to the philosophy as well as the values necessary for the creation of economic returns. In their study, the authors advance the theoretical development in the field of sustainability-oriented innovation.
One of the strengths of this publication relates to the idea that the authors focus on the notion of sustainability in innovation. The aspect of sustainability is essential for ensuring that the innovative practices within an organization should enable the organization to relate to environmental management. However, the weakness of the source is that it is not specific on whether the innovative practice is open or closed in an organization.
The source is essential for the inclusion of the aspect of sustainability in innovation. In this light, innovative practices should be sustainable, which means that an organization should embrace it. The source advances the theoretical development of sustainably oriented innovation.
Lee, J., Min, J., & Lee, H. (2016). The Effect of Organizational Structure on Open Innovation: A Quadratic Equation. Procedia Computer Science , 91 , 492-501. doi: 10.1016/j.procs.2016.07.128
This study focuses on providing a suitable understanding of the aspect of open innovation. The authors provide an analysis of open innovation in relation to the aspect of decision-making. The analysis points out that the decision-making within an organization should be decentralized, which is a provision that encourages inbound as well as outbound open innovation.
The strength of the source relates to idea that it focuses on inbound as well as outbound open innovation. Scholars and practitioners should consider this provision in regards to the aspect of organizational research. On the other hand, it is difficult to determine the weakness of the source.
The source will be beneficial to the project in the sense that it will factor in the aspect of decentralization of decision-making. The inclusion of the difference between inbound and outbound open innovation will assist in the inclusion of the attention of the different facets of innovative practices in an organization.
Mitkova, L. (2014). Implementation of Open Innovation Model: Organizational Approach. Review of Integrated Business Economics, 2 (1), 77-87.
The sources focus on revealing that organizational supports are essential for the maintenance of the open innovation model. The authors focus on the identification of an organizational framework that is essential for the integration of external knowledge for innovative practices within an organization. in this light the authors focus on the organizational elements that can produce different facets of open innovation, consequently concluding that open innovation is essential to the high-tech sector.
The strength of the source is related to the idea that I focus on a specific industry, which is a provision that enhances the development of inventions. This source introduces a new paradigm that relates to the complementary aspects of open innovation.
The source is vital for the research paper in relation to the provision that it introduces the aspect of open innovation. Inbound open innovation is related to the establishment of external relationships that are vital for accessing the technical and scientific competencies necessary for providing access and improving internal innovation.
Felin, T., & Zenger, T. (2014). Closed or open innovation? Problem solving and the governance choice. Research Policy , 43 (5), 914-925. doi: 10.1016/j.respol.2013.09.006
The authors of this source focus on the governance costs attached to internal and closed innovative practices. The objective of the paper is to determine the problem of innovation, consequently providing a comparative framework necessary for the management of innovation. They conclude that open source innovative practices are essential for the participation of the development of different communities.
The strength of the source relates to the idea that it introduces the aspect of the governance provisions related to open innovation. This idea is essential for determining the knowledge flows emanating from external factors to an organization’s external partners.
The source is essential for the research paper in the sense that it introduces the aspect of governance in innovation. A comparison of open and closed innovation can bring about differences in open and closed innovation, which is vital for the provision of a clear understanding of the different types of innovative practices in an organization.
References
Adams, R., Jeanrenaud, S., Bessant, J., Denyer, D., & Overy, P. (2016). Sustainability ‐ oriented innovation: a systematic review. International Journal of Management Reviews , 18 (2), 180-205.
Damanpour, F., & Gopalakrishnan, S. (2001). The dynamics of the adoption of product and process innovations in organizations. Journal of management studies , 38 (1), 45-65.
Felin, T., & Zenger, T. (2014). Closed or open innovation? Problem solving and the governance choice. Research Policy , 43 (5), 914-925. doi: 10.1016/j.respol.2013.09.006
Lee, J., Min, J., & Lee, H. (2016). The Effect of Organizational Structure on Open Innovation: A Quadratic Equation. Procedia Computer Science , 91 , 492-501. doi: 10.1016/j.procs.2016.07.128
Mitkova, L. (2014). Implementation of Open Innovation Model: Organizational Approach. Review of Integrated Business Economics, 2 (1), 77-87.
