Mark Rupert and M. Scott Solomon, “The Difference Globalization Makes”
Globalization has led to significant changes in human's social and political lives. It accounts for the international progress involves in states and economy as well as cultural aspects of societies. The primary driving wills of globalism are capitalism and governance. Capitalism, originating in Eastern Europe and spreading to other parts of the globe, have influenced human productivity. Human productivity is how human beings produce and reproduce goods and services, which shapes power and freedom as significant inputs to and from globalization. The entrance of capitalism reshaped the earliest forms of globalism that were based on military conquests. The state sovereignty, as the second wheel of globalization, controls interactions and spread of globalization by regulating the engagement of productivity such as business deals, trade, and movement of labor and so on. Therefore, globalization is the interplay of capitalism and state governance that opens up and controls the production of materials at the interstate scales.
Richard Devetak, “Critical Theory”
The state plays a significant role in the process of globalization. It is arguably the greatest formidable barrier to globalization. Theorists observe the interactions between the state powers and the efforts of capitalism to extend globalization to its complete sphere. As such, contrary to the traditional theorists that oppose the involvement of the interests of the researcher in the case under examination, the critical theory asserts that the theorist is part of the process under investigation. This is truly possible since the researcher must have had an instinct, a motivation, and inspiration or had an observation that instigated the study from personal experience; this implies that the theorist has personal interests in the matter however professionally they may be pursued. The goal of critical theory, in globalization, is to dissolve the hardliner adherence to unprofitable sovereignty that hampers the process of communication or sharing knowledge and other resources to advance through globalization.
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Andrew Linklater, “The Achievements of Critical Theory”
The critical theory remains a useful method to reconstructing historical materialism and the ultimate comprehension of how that relates to international relations. The basis for its effectiveness is its ability to put the subject in the picture being analyzed to enhance the determination and distinction of valuable and invaluable knowledge. The approach adopted in the attainment of understanding on historical materialism and their use to explain international relations has a great impact on the correctness of the understanding. Critical theory offers better opportunities to such studies as compared to the positivist, and neo-liberalism approaches.
Robert Cox, “Social Forces, States, and World Orders: Beyond International Relations Theory”
The circumstances and histories under considerations necessitate the use of a particular approach to solving the dilemma. Two classes of theories can be advanced in this respect: problem-solving and critical theories. Problem-solving theories align themselves strictly to finding the solution to the dilemma while critical theory transcends this to the point of determining causative agents. Therefore, critical theories are self-regenerating and can mutate with the change in need as compared to problem-solving theories that are rigid. Problem-solving theories are grounded on three concepts; man as possessed of self-interest states as obsessed with security and the state system as being anarchic. The critical approach, on the contrary, is based on four main aspects: conflict as essential to change, imperialism, engaging state and civil society, and integration of the production process. Within critical theory, three elements are perceived to be in interaction, and these are ideas, institutions, and material capabilities.
Questions
Will a free border interaction cause a significant shift in the rate of globalization?
How does globalization before the development of capitalism compare to globalization after in terms of human freedom and sovereignty?
Since globalization is linked to state sovereignty, is it conclusive to state that weaker states enjoy small benefits of globalization as compared to stronger states?
Can critical theory address the need for globalization substantially?
Will an unregulated globalization process turn out positively for humanity?
What will be the ultimate impact of state independence if globalization runs its full course and governments are dissolved to some degree?
Are there limitations inherent in the critical theory approach and therefore the need to develop other alternative theories
Are there answers to international relations that could be best provided by traditional theories that are not forthcoming when the critical theory is used?
Is there any need for incorporating various theories to a study of international relations?
