Distinguish among liberalism, neoliberalism, and libertarianism.
Liberalism is a political ideology (Heywood, 2017). Its main aim is to protect people and enable them to be liberal. Liberalism variants share some common elements. They believe in individualism whereby they believe that human beings should have freedom. It aims to bring up a society in which people are free. Liberals believe in equality in that all human beings were born equal. It is believe that everyone should be provided with equal opportunities to recognize their potential. Their belief in meliorism indicates that people should be allowed to reason in their own manner. This helps people in making critical decisions and in resolving disputes. People should be allowed to go after their personal interests as this contributes to the progress of any society.
Neoliberalism stands for free markets. It beliefs that markets should be able to carry out all capital movement. It advocates for all public enterprises to be privatized as it believes that the government is inefficient. Neoliberalism aims to make it easier for individuals to get grants and business loans and aims to enhance a reduction on business taxes and capital gains. It believes that the workers union does not provide enough encouragement in work effort and tries to eliminate it. Capitalists notice that worker’s unions, government and other business regulations reduced the profit levels of their organizations.
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Libertarianism philosophy states that everybody should have absolute freedom to live their lives in the way they want so long as they do not infringe other people’s rights. Libertarians advocate for minimal governance (Wendth, 2015) on the basis that Government should have no say whatsoever on the decisions a person makes about their personal life. It supports what is called a night-watchman’s state whereby the only function of government is to protect its citizens from being injured or defrauded. It sounds like a good idea but it may be too idealistic to actually work.
Discuss how ideology influences politics and political institutions.
Political ideology is a view on how government should conduct its activities. It is a set of principles that belong to a group of people which give guidelines on how society should work. It involves political and social guidelines to be implemented in governing the society. Ideology influences politics and political institutions by minimizing power allocated to politicians and by ensuring that everybody adheres to the constitution as discussed hereinafter.
Ideology influences power allocation factors and to what extent power should be used by politicians and in political institutions (Peters, 2014). . Most political parties follow specific ideologies strictly. Other parties, however, get inspiration from different ideologists without getting hold onto any of the parties. Political ideologists aim to plan how a society should be organized and they determine the suitable methods of organizing the society. They have ideas on what they expect to be delivered by politicians. These expectations include democracy or autocracy and best economic systems.
By ensuring that the constitution is obeyed, ideologists prevent political institutions and wealthy people from being in control. Ideology serves as a guide that gives directions to political leaders and institutions. It dictates the political expectations of politicians in power and gives directions on what, when, where and how they should carry out their activities. Ideology defines the political template which politicians must use in creating their own brands. They also use such standards to attract people with the same ideology to support them. Each ideology has a set of governing principles, ideas and things to be fought for or against by those in government. Ideology aims at bringing order in politics. Ideologists offer several regulations which help reinforce political orders for both politicians and political institutions. They can however become a source of contest which can cause a negative impact on already established political orders.
References
Heywood, A. (2017). Political ideologies: An introduction . Macmillan International Higher Education.
Peters, B. G. (2014). The politics of bureaucracy. In The Politics of Bureaucracy (pp. 177-206). New York: Routledge.
Wendt, F. (2015). Justice and political authority in left-libertarianism. Politics, Philosophy & Economics , 14 (3), 316-339.
