Mass Confusion Concerning Mass Murder

Part 1: Literature Review 

A recent study indicates that mass shootings are a particularly public and horrifying consequence of the United State's failure to deal with the mentally ill (Meltz & MacLeish, 2015). A similar study conducted by McGitnty, Webster & Barry (2013) indicates that homelessness and crime are equally public consequences of conspiring forces of mass shootings. They are ordinarily political opposites; conservative irresponsibility toward public investment in public health and ultra-left civil libertarians who see any attempt to restrict the freedoms of individuals as an existential threat to personal freedom in general. (Knoll, James & Annas, 2016) Allude that individuals can dismiss the confiscation of all firearms because not only does A2 forbid any such possibility, but the vast majority of American citizens would never stand for it. However, another study indicates that mental illness can be seen as what it is, a biological condition that places limitations on an individual's life. According to Wintemute (2018), a habitual criminal should never be permitted to own firearms. In his study, he argues that once an individual has a mental disorder or criminal record, that individual's civil liberties must be limited by law and the legal framework to reduce rampant mass shootings. 

Researchers had also found out that most mass-shooters had had friends, family, coworkers, and others who had expressed concerns about the perpetrator's behavior before the tragedies occurred. Gonzalez-Guarda et al. (2018) conducted an evaluation study and found out that some families in the United States have made a desperate effort, for years to help their afflicted loved-ones, to warn, to get their loved-one into some institution. These families often experience challenges once their loved-ones turn 18. Fox and Levin () in their study, argues that there is no reason other than the reluctance of the government to spend public money on strategies to reduce mass shootings. In another study by Morrissey (2017) also adds that the ravings of extreme civil libertarians and the concerns of those in a position to alert authorities about a dangerous family member, friend, or coworker cannot be heard or taken seriously. Therefore emergency plus long-term legal protocols and procedures Due to the frequent death reports in major cities; studies address the necessary measures that can help tackle the problem of mass shootings. Roque and Duwe (2018) argue that it will cost the taxpayer less to create humane, enough, and secure facilities dedicated to severely to the mass shooters. Joslyn and Haider-Markel (2017) also argue that until both the legal framework and the funding corporations are dedicated to coming up with long-term strategies effectively, American citizens will continue experiencing rampant mass-shootings. However, Shiffrin (2017) points out that too many Americans are self-absorbed, clueless about much of the world, and obsessively anxious about the change in their country while ignorant of the mass shootings details. 

The law enforcement authorities have proved not to be reliable in ending mass shootings in America. A recent study indicates that the obsession of law enforcement authorities, including the most evident is in the obtuse desire to carry weapons, concealed and open, in the mindless belief that this makes everyone safer (Wintemte,2018 ). Shiffrin (2017) also argues that their ignorance does not help in solving the issue, and the scenarios presented by gun advocates are fabricated, unrealistic, and more dangerous than the presumptive risks that firearms are supposedly going to prevent. According to Knoll, James, and Annas (2016), any "study" of how many crimes and deaths were prevented by others with firearms is pure speculation devoid of data. Gonzalez-Guarda et al. (2018), in their study, found out that the low risk of actually being killed by a person with a gun is irrelevant given the vastly lower risks in other modern industrialized countries. Worse, and in the continued status of an international outlier, the U.S. fails to have national health care and does very little to make mental health care easily available. On top are the completely insufficient use of background checks and the availability of shared data (Metzl & MacLeish, 2015). Americans could reasonably question the mental state of zealous gun advocates, who see anything and everything as a threat to their rights – real or imagined. Furthermore, research into ownership and usage of firearms is curtailed by laws that prevent such research and the accumulation of data (Shiffrin, 2017). This is because it could lead to the regulation of firearms and even the (completely imaginary) confiscation of all weapons. 

Research also shows that gun ownership is declining even as the number of firearms increases among dedicated gun owners (Fox & Levin, 2015). This means a small percentage of citizens are preventing the majority from seeing laws enacted that are sensible controls on the possession and use of firearms. The authors also argue that for gun zealots, life really is about one issue, and that's how they vote. However, for everyone else, there are the daily homicides and shootings of innocent people. According to (Roque & Duwe, 2018), the prevalence of mass shootings is just another reason the U.S. is a declining, failing society in many ways. 

  Literature Review Synopsis 

The next section of the literature review provides a comprehensive review of literature on the causes of mass shootings, negligence from both the government and the people, and effective strategies of dealing with the problem in the country. I highlight different findings and viewpoints from different researchers on mental illness as one of the main causes of mass shootings rampage in United States elements. This helps in providing appropriate context to review both previous and existing literature and indicate investing in public health as one of the best strategies for reducing mass shootings in the United States (Lowe & Galea, 2017). In a bid to put the study into context, arguments on mass shootings are provided as a public and horrifying consequence of the United State's failure to deal with the mentally ill. The main significance of this concept is that it provides a clear analytical unit for empirical research (Hart, 2018). The importance forbidding the ownership of firearms by the mentally ill is also addressed (Gould & Olivares, 2017). This is appropriate in establishing the reasons and my point of limiting the possession of firearms as an effectual strategy (Kwon & Cabrera, 2019). 

Researchers have been trying to find out the concerns of mass shooter's families works in the past few years. In this literature review, I present the scope of mass shootings and how the families involved are affected when dealing with their loved ones. This helps in providing insights into the relationship between the mass shooter's families and the wider subject area of mass shootings in the United States (Bushman, 2018). I gathered information from different studies on the challenges experienced and the lack of law enforcement efforts to prosecute dangerous criminals, recover illegal firearm, and promote public safety. It has been argued that investing in legal frameworks and secure facilities can be effective methods of dealing with prevalence mass shootings (Grondahl & Bjorkly, 2016). However, from Petrosino et al. (2015), Americans have been clueless, ignorant, and too self-absorbed to deal with the problem. 

Several researchers carried out investigations on measures that can help tackle the issue of mass shootings in major cities of the United States. All the evidence is connected around the idea of mass shootings in the United States and how the law enforcement authorities can help tackle the problem (Lankford,2015). With more scholars accepting its effectiveness of limiting gun possession among the mentally ill in the reduction of crime, the strategy is worthy of academic consideration, and more research should be conducted to come up with more ways of its execution (Wilson, 2017). The evidence from different researchers also provides the validity of my points of view as well as appropriate ground for coming up with effective methods of addressing the problem (Machi & MacEvoy, 2016). 

From a wider perspective, this literature reviews addressees the use of direct law enforcement as the main regulators of how firearms are facilitated and used in the United States. A set of initiatives are addressed to provide different methods of preventing mass shootings in the United States. The first initiative involves expanding the attention of federal, state, and local authorities' attention on gun trafficking. Other researchers have also presented their initiatives, which include analyzing every citizen who owns firearms. The initiatives highlighted by the researchers are important in providing law enforcement with better initiatives of dealing with mass shooters (Towers et al., 2015). It also provides future researchers with the foundation of building their own ideas and come up with appropriate strategies that can help in creating awareness around the country. 

This literature review incorporates the decline of gun ownership and how they have helped reduce mass shootings in the United States. I present findings and conclusions from different researchers on the main tactics involved in this strategy, its basis, and the activities involved in reducing the possession of firearms. The first study highlights how the nations have done very little in addressing the issue of mental health. The second study addresses how Americans could reasonably question the mental states of gun advocates. The third study presents the activities involved in the program and how they are combined with law enforcement and the community as a way of reducing mass shootings in the country. Due to an abundance of findings and conclusions on the effectiveness of combating mass shootings in the United States, there is a need for more research and information to help law enforcement and the communities understand how to use the strategy (Castillo-Carniglia et al.,2018). This will not only enhance public safety, but it will also establish appropriate measures of tackling the problem in the United States. 

Literature Review References 

Fox, J. A., & Levin, J. (2015). Mass confusion concerning mass murder.  The Criminologist ,  40 (1), 8-11. 

Gonzalez-Guarda, R. M., Dowdell, E. B., Marino, M. A., Anderson, J. C., & Laughon, K. (2018). American Academy of Nursing on policy: Recommendations in response to mass shootings.  Nursing Outlook ,  66 (3), 333-336. 

Joslyn, M. R., & Haider ‐ Markel, D. P. (2017). Gun Ownership and Self ‐ Serving Attributions for Mass Shooting Tragedies.  Social Science Quarterly ,  98 (2), 429-442. 

Knoll, I. V., James, L., & Annas, G. D. (2016). Mass shootings and mental illness. 

McGinty, E. E., Webster, D. W., & Barry, C. L. (2013). Effects of news media messages about mass shootings on attitudes toward persons with serious mental illness and public support for gun control policies.  American Journal of Psychiatry ,  170 (5), 494-501. 

Metzl, J. M., & MacLeish, K. T. (2015). Mental illness, mass shootings, and the politics of American firearms.  American journal of public health ,  105 (2), 240-249. 

Morrissey, T. W. (2017). Associations between active shooter incidents and gun ownership and storage among families with young children in the United States.  Preventive medicine ,  100 , 50-55. 

Rocque, M., & Duwe, G. (2018). Rampage shootings: a historical, empirical, and theoretical overview. Current opinion in psychology ,  19 , 28-33. 

Shiffrin, S. (2017). The moral neglect of negligence.  Oxford studies in political philosophy ,  3 , 197-228. 

Wintemute, G. J. (2018). How to stop mass shootings.  New England Journal of Medicine ,  379 (13), 1193-1196. 

Literature Review Synopsis References 

Bushman, B. J. (2018). Narcissism, fame-seeking, and mass shootings. American behavioral scientist ,  62 (2), 229-241. 

Castillo-Carniglia, A., Kagawa, R. M., Webster, D. W., Vernick, J. S., Cerdá, M., & Wintemute, G. J. (2018). Comprehensive background check policy and firearm background checks in three U.S. states. Injury prevention ,  24 (6), 431-436. 

Gould, M. S., & Olivares, M. (2017). Mass Shootings and Murder-Suicide: Review of the Empirical Evidence for Contagion. In  Media and Suicide  (pp. 51-76). Routledge. 

Grøndahl, P., & Bjørkly, S. (2016). Research quality and psychological theory in publications on school shooters with multiple victims-A systematic reviews of the literature. Cogent Psychology ,  3 (1), 1152759. 

Hart, C. (2018).  Doing a literature review: Releasing the research imagination . Sage. 

Kwon, R., & Cabrera, J. F. (2019). Socioeconomic factors and mass shootings in the United States.  Critical Public Health ,  29 (2), 138-145. 

Lankford, A. (2015). Mass murderers in the United States: Predictors of offender deaths.  The Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology ,  26 (5), 586-600. 

Lowe, S. R., & Galea, S. (2017). The mental health consequences of mass shootings.  Trauma, Violence, & Abuse ,  18 (1), 62-82. 

Machi, L. A., & McEvoy, B. T. (2016).  The literature review: Six steps to success . Corwin Press. 

Towers, S., Gomez-Lievano, A., Khan, M., Mubayi, A., & Castillo-Chavez, C. (2015). Contagion in mass killings and school shootings.  PLoS One ,  10 (7), e0117259. 

Wilson, L. (Ed.). (2017).  The Wiley handbook of the psychology of mass shootings . Wiley Blackwell.