Which event(s) sponsored by members of which society are thought to represent the first professionalization of music performance? Please also write a sentence or two describing these events.
Spartans Got Talent was first professionalization of music performance. The event was carried out in Greece. Music performers appeared before a set of judges and a live audience where they performed and awarded accordingly to their performance. Specifically, they were awarded cash prizes.
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What is our one remaining link to music of the Ancient Roman world?
Our remaining link to the music of Ancient Roman is Christian playing chant. It dates back to at least the 3 rd century AD. It was much critical to Christian worship.
Please describe, in detail what Organum is.
This refers to a polyphonic where the accompaniment is below or above the melody during the singing.
How is it similar to Gregorian Chant?
Both the Organum and Gregorian chant are plainchants.
How is it different from Gregorian Chant?
The organum is polyphonic in nature while Gregorian chant is monophonic.
How many versions are there?
There are two main versions of Organum; Melismatic and Florid organum.
What might you expect a piece of music performed in Organum to sound like?
In such music, I would expect to hear more than voice singing way higher than the general melody of the piece.
What was, according to Goodall, one of the major flaws with neumes or, as he calls them, “squiggly lines?”
They have been equated to a map without a longitude or latitude. Even though singers may get to understand low and high notes, they may not be able to comprehend how high or low they are.
What is significant about the Winchester Troper?
Winchester Troper has both neumes and tonary as shown by a rudimentary pitch and duration all through the singing.
When and where did it appear?
The collection first appeared in Europe in the early 11 th century.
Where can copies today be found?
Copies of this music artwork can be found at Bodleian Library, Oxford, and Corpus Christi in Cambridge. The copies in this particular case were used by Winchester Cathedral during those ancient periods.
Who was Guido d’Arezzo and where was he from?
Guido d’Arezzo was a benedictine monk who was from Italy.
What was his most significant contribution to music history?
He is highly recognized due to his contribution to musical theory and notation. For instance, his micrologus theory was very instrumental in the formulation of the early polyphony, organum.
What genre of music is Perotin usually associated with? (Don’t just say sacred – be more specific)
Perotin’s music was generally of classical genre. Perotin was closely associated with Notre Dame School, which has usually taught polyphony in Paris.
During which century did he compose?
Perotin’s works of music were mainly composed in the 12 th century.
Where did he compose?
Perotin composed his first music while in Paris which was his home town.
What is the difference between sacred and secular music?
First, sacred music has a stimulating impact on contemplation and faith whereas secular music has influences similar feeling on earth beauty and harmony. Secondly, sacred songs are meant to glorify only God as the ultimate Supreme Being whereas secular music typically praises the artist or other early things and feelings. Thirdly, sacred songs are meant for church functions, which are voluntary, and, therefore, they are not commercialized. On the other hand, secular is highly commercialized since artists compose these songs to gain privileges and money. Then also, the genre for sacred music takes too long to change or in some it does change at all. On the other hand, genre for secular music is always evolving to fit the current trend.
What were troubadours?
This refers to a category of lyric poets commonly of knightly level who were in existent between the 11 th up to the whole of 13 th century. They were majorly found in Italy and France.
Where were they active?
They were active because their theme touched on feelings of love which are universal. Particular, they addressed courtly love which is a critical phenomenon to almost everyone in the world.
What kind of music did they perform?
They majorly performed folk songs.
What is the connection between the music of troubadours and the music of Perotin?
Like Perotin, music of troubadours was polyphonic in nature. More than voices were incorporated in singing with minimal involvement of instruments.
What was the change in the position of the melody that occurred in the joining of Christmas Carol words with popular dance jigs?
The change can described as parallel modulation since the tonal center is maintained even though syllables are slightly changing over several notes.
How did this change in position change how people listened/were able to hear?
It enhanced the impact of the song on the people who listened to it.
Who was Josquin des Prez?
Josquin des Prez was a French composer who specialized in renaissance.
What was the huge change he made in the way he set church music?
Josquin des Prez widely used word painting, which is currently used in church music. It relates the Bible and other aspects of human life all in one piece by use of word painting technique.
What was its significance?
This enhanced the effectiveness and impact of the music on listeners.
What were some of the specific text setting methods he used?
In one of his pieces known as “motet Illibata Dei virgo nutrix”, he incorporate an acrostic of his real name.
Please define motet and madrigal.
Motet is music composition which is majorly dealing with vocal with varying style and form from the medieval era. On the other hand, Madrigal is a vocal which is particularly vocal from the early baroque era.
What are the differences between these genres?
Motet originates from the late medieval era while madrigal originates from the early baroque era.
What are the similarities?
Both of them are vocal music.
