Neurons are cells within the nervous system that are designed to transmit information to other nerve cells, gland cells, and muscle cells. They are the basic working unit of the brain, in that they make up the structure of the brain due to how they are interconnected. Just as different cell structure is important for the cell function, the neuron is structured in such a way that its long thin extensions spread out to nerve terminals for the purpose of sending and receiving information to and from the brain. The neuron is covered by a sheath known as myelin that assists in the acceleration of nerve impulses transmitted, as well as act as an insulator. Neurons are thus essential in all the tasks that need to be carried out by the nervous system.
The study of the neuron gives a broader explanation of the relation of the brain to psychology. For instance, since the purpose of the myelin sheath is to coat the axon, the event of a reduction or an increase can prove fatal to the normal function of the brain. In addition to this, a loss in the insulation this fatty tissue provides to the axon can result in the interference of electrical impulses leading to low transmission speeds of information. Consequently, one is deemed to have an auto-immune disorder known as multiple sclerosis (MS) which is characterized by a wide range of symptoms such as fatigue, loss of control, dizziness, sexual dysfunction, among others ( Pérez-Cerdá , 2016).
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The biological understanding of the neuron thus forms the basis of the psychological functions of a person. There is a massive link between the structure of the neuron and the biological and psychological well-being of an individual. Anti-inflammatory strategies are however put in place to manage the effects that may result from neurological problems such as demyelination disorders.
References
Pérez-Cerdá, F., Sánchez-Gómez, M. V., & Matute, C. (2016). The link of inflammation and neurodegeneration in progressive multiple sclerosis. Multiple Sclerosis and Demyelinating Disorders , 1 (1), 9.
