Opposition defiant disorder (ODD) refers to a disorder of disruptive behavior that usually occurs in teenagers and children. The condition is characterized by various patterns of argumentative and unruly behavior as well as hostile attitudes towards those in authority. It is a disorder known to be quite challenging to most parents who always mistake the children for being emotional, stubborn or strong-willed (Salekin et al, 2015). However, it must be noted that this disorder makes a child be more disruptive and extreme than normal, and these attitudes of stubbornness and rebellion are always shown at different development stages.
The disorder is related to the quite elevated rates of psychopathic aggression and traits. The hormones responsible for the motives of social dominance tend to play an active role in the ODD disorder. These hormones are the lower cortisol and the higher androgens. It must, however, be noted that it is still unclear how hyperactivity/attention-deficit disorder symptoms tend to exacerbate these kinds of relations. Nonetheless, due to the fact that the oppositional defiant disorder in adolescence or childhood has often preceded the development of the antisocial personality disorder experienced in adulthood (Schepker et al, 2015). All these tend to serve as narrow behavioral indicators of a clear but general psychopathic personality. Other researches have also shown that conduct disorder is a serious form of the oppositional defiant disorder, and this is well explained by the fact that all the ODD features have always been present in the conduct disorder. Interpersonally, psychopathic individuals have always come out as callous, arrogant, deceptive, superficial and manipulative in the society. It is these similar symptoms that are quite evident in the oppositional defiant disorder especially the symptom of short temper and the inability to create strong emotional bonds with others in the environment, as well the lack of empathy in them.
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References
Schepker, R., Schmeck, K., Kölch, M., & Schepker, K. (2015). Gene-Environment-Interaction Of ODD And Conduct Disorder Versus" Anethic Psychopathy". Praxis der Kinderpsychologie und Kinderpsychiatrie, 64(4), 290-307.
Salekin, R. T., Debus-Sherrill, S. A., MacDougall, E. A., & Clark, A. P. (2015). 14 Assessing Child and Adolescent Psychopathy. Learning Forensic Assessment: Research and Practice, 324.
