Personality is defined as differences in an individual in a way people tend to think, feel, and behave. Two broad areas are focused in the study of personality: one is specific personality traits helps to understand individual differences, for example, openness. Secondly, it is to understand the whole person and the various parts of a person. Psychologists focus on personality characteristics to measure personality (Mõttus et al., 2017). Specific dimensions are used by trait psychologists and each individual falls on each aspect either low, medium, or high on any particular trait (Mõttus et al., 2017). Five parameters give details of an individual's personality.
Firstly, openness to experience of an individual which shows that people who are high in transparency are very active and enjoy the adventure. They are creative and follow their inner feelings, appreciate arts, open to new skills and learning and experiences (Turian et al 2013). Individuals who have high scores on openness have a modern outlook and broadmindedness, and "variety is the spice of life "is their motto in contrast with a low score on openness on this dimension. Low score persons are reluctant to changes, have a traditional approach to life, and are conservative.
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Secondly, conscientiousness, a personality trait that describes an individual, is organized and listens to their conscience and has a sense of duty. They are proactive, self-disciplined, and goal-oriented (Turian et al 2013). With a high score on this trait, individuals are methodical and practice perfectiveness in any task towards goals and objectives accomplishment within the specified time. A person low in conscientiousness is not goal-oriented and is freewheeling.
Thirdly, extraversion, and introversion individuals. Extraversion is a state where individuals are a social butterfly, draw energy from crowds, and love to know what is happening outside. They love interacting with other people, and they are talkative (Barlett &Anderson, 2012). On the other hand, introverts love being alone, speak less, and prefer staying back home to going out. Such individuals are not assertive and cheerful in their social interactions.
Agreeableness is another personality trait that is a state of an individual's kindness and warmth. Agreeable individuals are compassionate, helpful, and accommodate themselves to all scenarios. They are kind-hearted, friendly, and faces changes with a smile (Barlett & Anderson, 2012). A high score on this dimension teaches an individual to adjust in all situations, whereas individuals with low on agreeableness are little friendly and have difficulties in coordinating with others (Barlett & Anderson, 2012).
Finally, neuroticism.it is a characteristic where a person is prone to negative thoughts, for example, anger, anxiety, or guilt. They do not enjoy life and often in the state of depression due to looking at the negative sides of life (Turian et al., 2013). A neurotic person turns to drug abuse like tobacco and alcohol, possibly because they do not have emotional stability. Individuals with low neuroticism tend to be emotionally stable (Turian et al., 2013).
References
Mõttus, R., Kandler, C., Bleidorn, W., Riemann, R., & McCrae, R. R. (2017). Personality traits below facets: The consensual validity, longitudinal stability, heritability, and utility of personality nuances. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 112 (3), 474.
Barlett, C. P., & Anderson, C. A. (2012). Direct and indirect relations between the Big 5 personality traits and aggressive and violent behavior. Personality and Individual Differences , 52 (8), 870-875.
Turiano, N. A., Mroczek, D. K., Moynihan, J., & Chapman, B. P. (2013). Big 5 personality traits and interleukin-6: Evidence for “healthy Neuroticism” in a US population sample. Brain, behavior, and immunity, 28, 83-89.
