Micropolitics occurs when individuals seek favorable ruling or treatment from the administrative agency or any special bill that provides an exemption requirement of the immigration laws (Anderson, 2015). It also involved policy issue such as a company seeking favorable change in the tax code so that it can benefit. Similarly, a policy when a firm requires a television broadcasting license or when a community seeks grants or the construction of an airport. The micropolitics decisions require the interests of a few individuals. Only a few people and officials are involved and are aware of such decisions. Such policies are made without considering the limited resources because it focuses on the interests of a few people who need to get favor from the officials. They only affect the few involved and are made at the interest and mutual noninterference. Each party is only seeking to benefit but does not interfere with the other side’s efforts to benefit micropolitics is usually exemplified by the special legislation. Several bills are enacted that only involve one person or company and are designated in the law. Such may include exemptions from the provision of the immigration and national Act or provide for the monetary claim against the state. Such policy issues require little attention through the legislative process and they usually become law without even the public awareness.
Subsystem politics involve the larger units of the government divided into smaller units or sub-governments (Anderson, 2015). They are more specialized thus allowing for more influence where the decisions are made at the lower levels. The various policies issues that are made under the subsystem politics include committee decisions on public works and construction, committee decisions on budget, committee decisions on agriculture as well as committee decisions on energy and natural resources. Within the government, several subsystems exist under which they perform specific functions. For example, a committee on education jurisdiction can make policies such as the introduction of vocational education in schools. This policy is formed by a committee of members withdrawn from the government under the education sector. Included in the committee are usually specialists in certain areas in which decisions are made. If the decision is in the public works and construction, the specialists will be the public works engineer. However, such policies do not involve public participation, but after the policy is made, it always gets into the public domain. Being part of the larger political system, subsystems are subject to control and intervention by the president, Congress, and other actors.
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The macropolitics involves policy issues that are magnitude in nature and are surrounded by a lot of controversies (Anderson, 2015). Such policy issues have a great consequence on a large number of people, making it attract public attention. They include escalation of war, healthcare reforms proposal, call for a tax cut and financial crisis. These decisions are made by the Congress through a legislative process by the elected and later wait for the presidential assent. The policies made here involve national issues which require national interests and thus cannot be left in the hands of other policymakers. Also, certain policy issues made from the subsystems may be moved to the macropolitics by the action of the public officials probably due to the dissatisfaction with how the issue was handled. Furthermore, policy proposals made at the subsystems always require approval by the macropolitics which involves scrutiny by the Congress and presidential assent. Due to their magnitude, they attract huge public participation and extensive interest across the nation. Examples of such policies include passing laws to allocate resources to the healthcare reforms or approving the bill to send the military for war in another country. Such decisions require the participation of the whole system.
Reference
Anderson, J. E. (2015). Public Policymaking. Cengage Learning.
