Part One
Constitution amendment is changes made in the Constitution with regard to different events through history. Currently, there are 27 amendments in the US; majority of which outline fundamentals rights in the constitutional Law (Kristen, 2014). Ratified on July 28, 1868, 14th amendment is one of the most significant Reconstruction Amendments that address civil rights and equal protection of laws. The civil war had just ended at the time of the 14th amendment and Abraham Lincoln the then acting president declared slaves freed. The purpose of the bill was to change the way Americans view equality. Also, the 14 th amendment instructs that everyone born and living in the United States are citizens and warrants equal treatment under the law (Ki, 2016).
The Fourteenth Amendment makes all people either born or naturalized in the United States, citizens in the State that one resides. Similarly, it requires the said States to honor principles of fairness. Once incorporated, the amendment increased the power of Supreme Court to define rights. With the incorporation of the amendment, there was an improvement of civil rights of the minority group going by a series civil rights movement that was witnessed in 1955 to 1968. These movements were after the abolition of discrimination against American blacks. Civil Rights Moments succeeded when Civil Rights Act of 1964 was implemented. The law banned employment discrimination practices, facilitated the enactment of Voting Rights of 1965, as well as changed the US immigration policy. In 1968 another act of Civil rights banned discrimination in rental and sale of housing. This was witnessed in the Brown v Board 1964 education act. The 14th Amendment enabled the Civil rights act, allowing the minority to vote, reducing racial discrimination and availed equal educational rights to black children (Ricks, 2004). With the amendment, there has been a significant reduction in racial discrimination, equal rights to access education.
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Part Two
Revolution of women dates back to 1960s with the 1963 act of equal pay and the 1964 act prohibiting sex based discrimination in employment. Over the years Court rulings and federal laws have strongly prohibited gender discrimination and sexual harassment. Through these rulings, women were able to have equality in job promotion, equal pay for work done, among others. The results of the laws and Court rulings have been able to give women same opportunity in employment and promotion as men. Women have an equal chance to get equal pay just like their male counterparts (Freeman, n.d.).
With the benefits given by the Court rulings and Laws, still, women feel there is significant work needed by expanding the civil rights. The US Census Bureau 2013 for example, showed that full-time working women netted an average of 78 cents for a dollar received by men (ACLU, 2010). For women of color, the figures were atrocious. African-Americans and Latinas earning roughly 64 cents and 56 cents respectively for a dollar earned by their male counter parts. This shows despite the equal pay act of 1963; the wage gap has not been closed. This therefore requires a Paycheck Fairness act whose changes are a remedy tool for inadequacies of the 1963 act. With unprecedented economic uncertainties, it is time to ensure equal pay for equal work for all workers.
The wage gap has proved to be an astringent reality for women disregarding their work experience or educational level. The wage gap translates to over $10, 000 in a year of lost earnings for women. With the Paycheck Fairness Act, it will be easier to combat wage discrimination, keep away salary discussion of pay and compensate victims of wage discrimination (NWLC, n.d.). With the improvements by Paycheck Fairness act and other future act, there will be the elevation of protection of women against wage discrimination and other substantial improvements for women treatment at work places.
References
ACLU. (2010). E qual pay and equal work: pass the paycheck fairness act (6/4/2010) . Retrieved from https://www.aclu.org/equal-pay-equal-wiork-pass-paycheck-fairness-act.
Freeman J. (n.d.). The Revolution for Women in Law and Public Policy. Retrieved from http://www.jofreeman.com/lawandpolicy/revlaw.htm.
Ki, A. (2016). Citizenship lawyers. Legal Match . Retrieved from www.legalmatch.com/law-library/article/citizenship.html.
Kristen, J. (2014). Constitutional laws . Legal match . Retrieved from www.legalmatch.com/law-library/article/constitutional-laws.html.
NWLC (n.d.) Paycheck fairness takes: Equal pay and the wage gap. Retrieved from https://nwlc.org/issue/equal-pay-and-the-way-wage-gap/.
Ricks, I. (2004). The 50 th Anniversary of Brown v. Board of Education: Continued Impacts on Minority Life Science Education. Cell Biol Educ., 3 (3), 146–149. doi: 10.1187/cbe.04-05-0044.
