The publication frames institutional racism as structures that promote inequality and unequal impacts and outcomes for a group or groups of people. They include procedures, practices, and policies that are administrative and that have the effect of distorting, exaggerating, and compounding behavioural and biological differences ( National Association of Social Workers, 2007) . At the same time, the publication portrays institutionalism racism as frameworks that reinforce distortions, myths, and misconceptions on a group of people. According to the publication, institutionalism racism includes concepts such as inferior municipal services, exclusion from unions, predatory lending practices, and admissions relying on test scores. All these, according to the publication, are manifested within institutions and social systems entailing political, educational, economic, and social forces.
Within the social systems and institutions, for example, black people are faced with lopsided opportunities, services, and privileges. The National Association of Social Workers (2007) further maintains that these forces and structures are supported by individuals who in various ways, are trying to pursue their good. Institutionalism racism is mainly perpetuated and upheld by who want to remain social, economically, and politically correct within their institution of work. For example, according to Byrd and Scott within the workplace, white privileges that promote and reinforce institutionalism racism uphold the fact that they belong to a higher grouping (Byrd & Scott, 2018). The higher placed grouping often collides with behaviours, actions, beliefs, and ideas that promote tolerance among diverse groups of people with a social system.
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Intersectionality
Social patterns of diverse groupings are interrelated and bound together. The interrelatedness greatly influences the intersectional arrangement of society. According to the publication, conscious awareness of intersectionality is critical towards an understanding group or race differences. Byrd and Scott (2018) argue that the interconnected aspect of social classes such as gender and race play a crucial role in how interdependent systems such as institutionalism racism take place. According to the publication, understanding the interconnectedness of social classes is vital in understanding how institutionalism racism overlaps with other social aspects of society.
References
Byrd, M. Y., & Scott, C. L. (Eds.). (2018). Diversity in the workforce: Current issues and emerging trends . Routledge.
National Association of Social Workers. (2007). Institutional racism and the social work profession: A call to action.
