Why the revolution in Russia was primarily focused in urban areas
The urban areas were of strategic importance to Russian revolution owing to the support from the industrial working class. Therefore, focusing the revolution in urban areas enhanced collective ownership of the country’s core resources and industries that in turn helped in reorganizing Russia. Additionally, urban centers offered strategic advantages that provided citizens with equality regarding access to food, shelter and clothing among other social services encompassing education and medical care (Anonymous, n.d). Hence, this scenario informs DeFronzo’s critical factors in relation to the presence of dissident elites that accessed power and wealth.
Notably, Russian revolution involved capitalism and concentrating in the urban area created a political means that greatly motivated the exploited and toiling masses to organize, direct, seize, and control resources (Anonymous, n.d). This enhanced redirecting of the same resources to meet the needs of the majority rather than those of the minority ruling class through socialism. In this regard, the seizure of power gave the working class the opportunity to conquer large cities that facilitated the interaction, organization, and development of shared consciousness that curtailed economic exploitation (Anonymous, n.d). This implies that the Russians used the urban cities to overcome capitalism to aid in the achievement of a socialist society since individuals could own properties collectively instead of private ownership of the economy. A greater percentage of the citizens secured employment and accessed basic needs at relatively cheaper costs owing to improved economic and social equality. Hence, the existence of powerful unifying motivations is a DeFronzo’s critical factor that influences major classes to unite the societal populations that in turn advocate revolution.
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Why the revolution in China was primarily focused in rural areas
There was a mass rural discontent in rural areas that caused peasant rebellion as a means of expressing their dissatisfaction in China. Therefore, in accordance with DeFronzo’s critical factors, the mass frustration led to an upsurge in political activities aggravated by the massive opposition to prevailing conditions (Eller, 2011). It implies that organizing the revolution in the rural setting facilitated a faster replacement of national government leaders to facilitate the transformation of the Chinese economic, political and social systems. Hence, the intense frustrations among the local populations involved ideological perspectives borrowed from the west that advocated changes and restructuring of economic, political, social and cultural institutions.
Still, revolution in the rural setting was the mostly preferred in China due to highest number of top level classes of landlord gentry. This class consisted of wealthy individuals that could lease pieces of land to peasants and collect enormous amounts of interests on loans (DeFronzo, 2015). The key factors that gave the Chinese an upper hand in organizing the revolution in rural setting was the availability of fertile soils, rainfall and irrigation, and availability of land size that was relative to population size. Therefore, the DeFronzo’s dissident elites existed in the rural settings and they had the ability to organize revolutionary changes to counteract the frustrations associated with local uprisings (Eller, 2011).
Finally, the revolution in China was primarily based on peasants despite their lack of reception to revolutionary ambitions. They also lacked immense knowledge concerning the world beyond their immediate villages and their close ties to tradition deprived them of power (DeFronzo, 2015). Hence, this situation caused a state of severe political crisis that paralyzed administrative and coercive competencies of the state (Anonymous, n.d). Resultantly, the state loyal personnel only existed in the rural areas with the required legitimacy to own and control the public and its resources.
References
Anonymous. (n.d). Revolution in China. Retrieved from file:///C:/Users/d/Downloads/Revolution%20in%20China.pdf
Eller, D. (2011, 4th ed.). Revolutions and Revolutionary Movements, By James DeFronzo. Journal of Peace Research. Sage Publications. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/259889152_Revolutions_and_Revolutionary_Movements_4th_edn_by_James_DeFronzo
DeFronzo. (2015, 5th ed.). Revolutions and Revolutionary Movements. Print.
