The ability of organisms to perceive and respond to changes in their extracellular and intracellular space is achieved through endocrine and sensory system. My article will focus on the sensory system and the major five senses, also known as common sense. Aristotle was the first scientist to define the notion of five senses, which shapes a person's reality. Sense organs that are involved in five major senses are; an ear for hearing and balance, eye for sight, nose for the smell, tongue for taste, and skin for touch. Sensory organs have sensory neurons that receive and transport the information in the form of electric current through polarization and depolarization of the cell wall to the central nervous system. Once the information reaches the central nervous system, it is un-coded and interpreted, and a message sent through the motor neuron to the effector. The effector can be a specialized cell, tissue, organ, or organ system. Relay neuron connects sensory neuron to motor neuron, and it is located within the central nervous system (Gray, 2016).
The five major senses are essential to humans and animals as they enable them to perceive and respond to changes in a manner it prevents further damage. A functional eye contributes to the vision. Vision involves the reception of right rays from bodies within our external environment and the creation of mental images. The images formed are interpreted in the brains based on the cognitive database. The ear receives and conducts sound waves to the cochlea, which is in contact with sensory cells. Once sound waves conducted to CNS, one can perceive the immediate environment through sound produced by organisms and objects within that area ('Sense Organs,' nd).
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A sense of smell enables us to detect the nature of chemical substances within our environment and respond according to the perceived state. Also, the nose has receptors of phonemes. Pheromones are chemical substances produced by an organism and cause a response to another organism of the same species. Olfactory epithelium forms the surface of the buccal cavity and possesses sense organs for taste. There are there five types of tastes that are defined and explained in science, and they include Sour, Sweet, Bitter, Salty, and Umami. Research on fats as the sixth sense of taste is in progress. The major role of taste pads located in olfactory epithelium is to detect some basic chemical properties of the food we intend to ingest ('Sense Organs,' nd).
The skin through mechanoreceptors enables the body to perceive changes in several ways. Mechanoreceptors are specialized somatic cells that detect specified stimuli. Cold and hot mechanoreceptors enable the skin to detect the change in temperature. Proprioceptors perceive stretching and compression. Nociceptors are two types of specialized mechanoreceptors; 'the Somatic nociceptors and visceral nociceptors’ which detect pain. Pacinian corpuscles, Krause's end bulbs, and Ruffini's endings enable the body to detect changes on pressure excreted on a tissue. Meissner's corpuscles, Merkel disks, and root hair plexus enable us to detect and respond to touch ('Sense Organs,' nd).
Among the five senses, if we're to give up on one of the senses, the taste would be my option. The reason why I select taste is that the quality of the food we take can be curtained through other processes and a good recipe. Other senses are greatly associated with emotional and cognitive needs; hence would like to retain their full functionality in conclusion sensory modalities to don't operate as independently. Sensory modalities are interrelated and operate as an integrated system that contributes to the personal perception of the stimuli received (Gray, 2016).
References
Gray, R. (2016). Pain, Perception, and Sensory Modalities: Revisiting the Intensive Theory [pdf]. Retrieved from: https://orca.cf.ac.uk/59448/1/Pain%20Perception%20and%20the%20Sensory%20Modalities.pd
Sense Organs Handout. (nd). Retrieved from: https://www.soinc.org/sites/default/files/uploaded_files/4-17_SENSES_HANDOUT.pdf
