|
Table 1: T ranscription of |
|||||||||||||||||
| DNA | 5‘ | A | T | G | G | C | G | A | G | G | C | G | C | T | T | T | 3‘ |
| mRNA | U | A | C | C | G | C | U | C | C | G | C | G | A | A | A | ||
| tRNA | A | U | G | G | C | G | A | G | G | C | G | C | U | U | U | ||
| AA | M | E | T | A | L | A | A | R | G | A | R | G | P | H | E | ||
Note: Resultant mRNA Sequence, tRNA Anticodons, and the Amino Acid Sequences
One of the differences to point out between the eukaryotic and prokaryotic is the size of ribosomes. The eukaryotic ribosomes are larger compared to prokaryotes. The eukaryotic ribosomes consist of 40S small subunits and a 60S small subunit, which come to form a total of 80S particles and a total mass of 4200 kd. For the prokaryotic, the size is 70S ribosome, hence less than that of eukaryotes. The 40S subunit found in the eukaryotes has 18S RNA, which is homologous to the prokaryotic 16S RNA. The 60S subunit contains three RNAs which are 28S and 5S RNAs that are counterparts of prokaryotic 23S and 5S molecules. However, there is also 5.8S RNA in eukaryotes which are different from that of prokaryotes (Ramesh and Woolford 2016).
Delegate your assignment to our experts and they will do the rest.
Depsipeptide salinamide A is an antibiotic which interferes with the transcription while Aminoglycoside antibiotics are the antibiotic which interferes with the translation. Bacterial RNA polymerase (RNAP) forms the functional cellular target of the antibiotic depsipeptide salinamide A. The antibiotic depsipeptide salinamide A inhibits the RNA polymerase by the use of a novel binding site mechanism, hence interfering with the transcription according to Degen et al. (2014).
Aminoglycoside antibiotics, on the other hand, interfere with the translation by blocking the formation of peptide bonds, which takes place at the peptidyl transferase center. Aminoglycoside contains an amino group with sugar, and it inhibits the translation of the mRNA by binding on the 30S subunits found in the ribosomes (Kotra, Haddad, and Mobashery 2000). This binding is irreversible, causing misreading of the codons resulting in an error during the proofreading process in the cause of translation. The consequence of this translation is an improper protein expression which results in bacterial death.
References
Degen, D., Feng, Y., Zhang, Y., Ebright, K. Y., Ebright, Y. W., Gigliotti, M., and Arnold, E. 2014. Transcription inhibition by the depsipeptide antibiotic salinamide A. Elife , 3 , e02451.
Kotra, L. P., Haddad, J., and Mobashery, S. 2000. Aminoglycosides: perspectives on mechanisms of action and resistance and strategies to counter resistance. Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy , 44 (12), 3249-3256 .
Ramesh, M. and Woolford, J. L. 2016. Eukaryote-specific rRNA expansion segments function in ribosome biogenesis. Rna , 22 (8), 1153-1162 .
