Cognitivism refers to the theory which addresses the contribution of the mind on how people learn. Leaning is a process which people acquire shortly after birth and continues until death or old age. In the mid 20th century the study of cognition gained some considerable momentum, and new ways of thinking about learning came up. Scientists came up with different approaches to explain the science behind cognitive learning. According to Ertmer & Newby (1993), schemata are responsible for behavioral developments in human beings. Schemata refer to the illustrations which are formed in the mind when a person learns some information. For instance, if a young child got used to seeing chicken all the time when he or she sees another bird with two legs for the first time he or she is likely to call it a chicken. Cognitivism considers learning an effective and integrated process. The rise of cognitive revolution caused the death, replacement, and decline of behaviorism according to many scientists.
Cognitive movement is understood as a scientific movement which caused a shift in psychology. The cognitive movement contrasted the ideologies of the behaviouristic movement. The common belief between cognitive psychologists and behaviorists is that the study of learning ought to be objective, and the empirical research results should be used to develop learning theories (Dupuy, 2000) . Behaviorists do not agree with cognitivism on the aspect that observation of individual responses in different conditions could be used to draw inferences concerning the internal cognitive process which is responsible for the production of those responses. According to methodological behaviorists, psychologists had no reason to describe mental processes because mental events could not be publicly observed. According to the cognitivism, the psychological world is usually connected to the physical world through the concepts of computation, feedback, and information (Gergen, 1985) . They also argued that the mind is composed of a complex system which has numerous interacting parts. The cognitive scientists also explained that the brain could not be blank slates because blank slates could not do anything. The evolution has not stopped because researchers and scientists are working hard to bring more developments on the subject.
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References
Dupuy, J. P. (2000). The mechanization of the mind . Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Ertmer, P. A., & Newby, T. J. (1993). Behaviorism, cognitivism, constructivism: Comparing critical features from an instructional design perspective. Performance improvement quarterly , 6 (4), 50-72.
Gergen, K. J. (1985). The social constructionist movement in modern psychology. American psychologist , 40 (3), 266.
