Q1
Piaget opined that moral development of children is developed by learning in groups. Piaget concluded that the moral development of children is an active process where they conform to the norms of the society. He found that children develop morals in two different ways. Young children think and act based on the actions affect them or the results of these actions. Piaget opined that young children recognizes the sanctity of rules and can’t do some things if they are forbidden. Therefore, Piaget concluded that young children developed their moral in realism and objective responsibility. However, he noted that. Older children were more concerned with the motives behind their acts as opposed to the results of these actions. Piaget found that children developed moral reasoning quickly at an early age.
Kohlberg expanded Piaget’s ideas and opined that cognitive reasoning continued throughout one’s life. He developed stages where an individual mastered one at a time, and one could not skip stages. Kohlberg added that individuals at each stage must be faced with moral dilemmas and came up with schemas so that they make moral decisions. He opined that group consensus was better than democracy as it stimulated and broadened one’s thinking and allowed them to progress at each stage, right from childhood to adulthood.
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Q2
One of the criticisms is the reasoning that moral reasoning leads to moral behavior. Kohlberg bases his theory on moral thinking yet there exists a huge difference between what one should do and what they do. Many believe that Kohlberg places a lot of emphasis on the idea of justice when making moral choices. However, justice is not the only aspect of morality as other factors like compassion, caring and other interpersonal feelings are significant in making moral choices. Again, Kohlberg fails to capture the role of cultures in the moral choices that one makes. For instance, many think that the theorist only focused on the individualist Western cultures that emphasize personal rights and justifications on moral grounds yet Eastern cultures consider the significant role played by the communities in moral development.
Q3
One of the vital family factors is the availability of parents, especially mother and father, to offer guidance and role modeling for the children to develop morally. Many studies have shown that children with both parents tend to have self-control, manage negative comments, and build their moral attributes much easier than those from single-parents. The second family factor is the conduct of parents at home. Observably, children from homes with psychological risk factors like mental illness, depression, substance abuse and family violence find it difficult to develop their moral as compared to their counterparts in settled families’ environment.
Q4
Televised violence affects people and it will be a denial that can be attributed to moral development based on my roommate’s growth. Morals are developed when individuals go through their life when equipped with the necessary knowledge on what values mean to them. Televised violence affects children who are developing as they may choose to adopt such acts in the future.
Q5
Academic teaching is a manifestation of lacking moral values in the society where people prefer to do dishonest acts to get their way. In the school I attended it is not allowed and when one is found cheating, they are expelled from the institution. Academic cheating must be treated as a serious violation to intellectual property and schools should not allow such students to be members of their school community. The most appropriate thing is for schools to teach moral so as to discourage the practice and punitive measures they may use to punish offenders.
