When discussing outlining, the focus is on a series of outlines and not just a single one. An outline can evolve in the speech presentation process. A working outline is that which an individual used in the creation of a speech. There are many changes made in a working outline before having the final product (“Public Speaking Practice and Ethics,” 2012). In the outline, there are general and specific objectives. Some of the elements include an introduction, attention grabber, thesis, the main points, specific points, and the conclusion. A speaking outline is different as it has less information. The key components are the introduction, the main points, and the conclusion only. Only keywords and phrases are used in a speaking outline.
Reference
Public Speaking Practice and Ethics. (2012). Lard Bucket. Retrieved from Public Speaking: Practice and Ethics - Table of Contents (lardbucket.org) . Accessed 1 December 2020.
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An informative speech needs to have examples, explanations, statistics, analogies, and testimonies. The key focus is to have a balance of information. The speaker should consider including information that is more relevant to the audience and will engage them more. Historical and scientific facts will make the speech more informative (Novaković & Teodosijević, 2017). Facts should be from trusted sources such as government websites. Statistics create more emphasis on why the topic of discussion is of great importance. The emphasis is to make the audience attentive to the issue of discussion.
Reference
Novaković, N. & Teodosijević, B. (2017). Basics of Public Speaking. Journal of Economics, Management and Informatics, 8 (2), 33-46.
Appreciation is common in any public speaking. Everyone usually has fear in any relatively formal public speaking. The speaker is the center of attraction and is usually gauged based on their level of performance. Nervousness and anxiety are some of the factors that influence appreciation in public speaking. Some have a general appreciation of communication and are likely to suffer from general communication fear. Others suffer from state appreciation, which is more specific to situations. A good strategy for overcoming the fear is to rehearse before the public speaking by going through the powerpoint presentation several times (Thielsch & Perabo, 2016). Rehearsing gives a person the confidence that they require. Stage fright is a common challenge for many speakers. It results from anxiety, and it affects the delivery of the message. Dealing with stage fright can be done by gaining the needed confidence.
References
Thielsch M. & Perabo I. (2016). Use and Evaluation of Presentation Software. Journal of Technical Communication, 59 (2), 1-16.
A speaker can establish credibility through the use of nonverbal cues. In public speaking, body language and the tone of the voice affect the delivery of the message. There is a need to use factors that portray professional communication and command the audience's attention. For instance, when talking, it is important to stand with a firm but relaxed posture, maintain eye contact, and always smile at the audience (Hess, 2016). Having the right nonverbal cues will win over the focus on the audience, making the public session lively.
Another way of establishing credibility is to have the knowledge and prepare for the public talk. The first step is to have a better understanding of the topic. Research on the topic of discussion and have as much information as possible. The next step is to prepare a presentation. The presentation needs to be visually appealing and less in words. Too many words on the presentation will make the audience lose interest in the talk. The presentation should be organized in a way that makes sense to the audience. Start with the key points and move to a less critical point. Always support the arguments in the presentation with facts.
The last action is to set a positive tone. The first impression matters a lot as it will affect the audience's perception of the speaker's credibility. It is important to share education and professional background at the start of the presentation. The information will act as proof of expertise to the audience.
Reference
Hess, U. (2016). Nonverbal communication. Encyclopedia of Mental Health, 3 (1), 2018-218.
