The differences and similarities between parliamentary and presidential systems can be best explained within the judicial, executive, and legislative branches. However, presidential systems are active in countries that support democracy, where citizens vote in the president who reigns for a maximum of two terms. In the presidential system, the president is the head of the national government and the state. In contrast, the parliamentary system differentiates the powers held by the federal government and state leaders ( Szilágyi, 2009) . The state is headed by the Prime Minister (PM) in the parliamentary system, while the national government is run by a monarchial president who most likely inherits their power from a family lineage.
Executive, Judicial, and Legislature in Parliamentary and Presidential Systems
Executive System
In the presidential system, the president is the executive branch's sole component and does answer to the legislature. The president heads the national government and state and executive responsibilities, such as executing and enforcing Congress laws, signing legislation laws, vetoing Congress bills, and conducting diplomacy efforts ( McManus & Ozkan, 2018) . In contrast, in the parliamentary system, the PM heads the state government and is elected by parliament members. In the system above, members of parliament are elected by citizens, who accord parliament legislative power.
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Legislative System
The legislative system is most active in a parliamentary system, where parliament is the legislature. Parliament is divided into a lower and upper house in the legislative system above to prevent power concentration in one house, with the lower house responsible for making laws ( McManus & Ozkan, 2018) . In the presidential system, the president writes rules for the legislature, but parliament and the Prime Minister write laws and pass them in unison in the parliamentary system.
Judicial System
The judicial system is similar to the presidential and parliamentary systems in that the president and Prime Minister strive to separate judicial powers and responsibilities from integrating with those of the executive and legislature.
Which System is better?
In the end, the presidential system is better because the president makes rules independent of the legislature and can decide what is best for their country. In contrast, Prime Ministers' survivals are dependent on parliament as a vote of no confidence can easily impeach them. Moreover, impeaching a president is more complicated than firing a Prime Minister.
References
McManus, R., & Ozkan, F. G. (2018). Who does better for the economy? Presidents versus parliamentary democracies. Public Choice , 176 (3-4), 361-387. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11127-018-0552-2
Szilágyi, I. (2009). Presidential versus parliamentary systems. AARMS. 8 (2) pp. 307 – 314.
