An Endangered species act offers a procedure for a preservation of the endangered and threatened animals, plants and the habitats in which they exist. The law was passed by the U.S federal law to enforce state and federal governments to protect every species threatened with extinction. The endangered species Act offers balanced solutions and the sense for landowners, government and the public to conserve endangered species together with their environment.
The Elements of the Endangered Species Act
Listing
Listing involves identifying whether specie is endangered or threatened. Under act section (4), under ESA, listing species as threatened or endangered is the chief vital action in the preservation of species (Society., 2017) . The petition for proposal to list species is submitted by federal or the state agencies. Once the NOAA or FWS fisheries suspicious of a species are descending towards disappearance, they give an announcement in the Federal Register explaining the circumstance (Goble, 2016) . Therefore, listing species is a vital process.
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Critical Habitat
The main crucial threat for the decrease of species and the edge of extinction is habitat degradation or loss. The ESA identifies vital habitat as the sectors with specific biological or physical characteristics (Shogren, 2015) . The features are important to a listed species which needs distinctive protection and management in case the species is to live and improve.
Recovery Plan
The Endangered Species Act objective is to inhibit disappearance and to bring back species to fit inhabitants’ status. A FWS explains recovery as the procedure by which the decrease of an endangered or threatened species is detained or inverted and dangers eliminated or decreased for the species existence in the wild can be guaranteed (Goble, 2016) . The government under act section 4(f) is expected to create and apply recovery plans for threatened and endangered species.
Effect of Endangered species act on the environment
Health Ecosystem
Balanced ecosystem relies on the animal and plant species as their basis. The implementation of the endangered species act, therefore, has developed a healthy ecosystem which has facilitated purifying of the environment (Shogren, 2015) . The forests have made health, oceans, rivers and the grasslands. The ESA has contributed to the preservation of plants which have contributed to more pollination; therefore, more growth of vegetation (Shogren, 2015) . The air in the environment also has been made pure due to the preservation of plants which have been reducing global warming.
Agricultural Impact
ESA implementation has affected agriculture, which plays a dynamic role in the safety of species, and the farmers are viewed as the original conservationist. Most of the farmers choose parts of their lands as the habitat of the wildlife and also work in relation to the team like Trout Unlimited to reserve river and streams habitat for endangered and threatened fish and reptiles (Goble, 2016) . Moreover, wild associates of common crops consist of essential genetic material required to preserve those plants. The relative crops may be utilized to ensure that plants are resistant to disease while giving information for growing new crops which may grow in less sufficient lands.
Medical Benefits
The species are a medical library in nature. Therefore, every species has its specific biochemical defenses, enzymes, and signals which can treat some of the common devastating human ailments (Society., 2017) . The medicines yield from the Pacific plants has contributed with the help of heart disease and cancer. Therefore, the implementation of the ESA ensures that the medicinal remedy does not disappear and would one day save the human lives.
Economic Effect of Endangered Species Act
Economic Benefits
The economic benefits are measured by the value of economic, which includes use values. Use values may involve consumptive, the economic amount of current commercial and recreational use. The recreational and the commercial are measured in terms of personal income in the national economy (Goble, 2016) . Also, the value of the ecosystem services given by the natural habitat is amounting to 10% of the GDP in the U.S, which has improved the economic growth. For instance, the National Wildlife Refuge System provides $ 32.4 billion per year in benefits from the ecosystem (Society., 2017) . Hence, ESA is vital elements for conserving essential habitat for endangered wildlife which offers the economic benefits
Cost of Species Protection
The appropriate measure of economic cost is the opportunity cost. These are the opportunities foregone because of the restrictions on the utilization of property due to the designation of the critical habitat, listings, and recovery plans (Goble, 2016) . The opportunity cost involves the decreased economic profit from the development of the altered project, for instance, timber harvesting, agriculture production recreation activities, and mineral extraction (Shogren, 2015) . Presently, there is no national estimate of the actual economic growth difference with the ESA and the potential economic growth without the ESA.
Effectiveness of the Endangered Species Act
The ESA would be referred effective, considering the environment benefits from its implementation. For instance, the ecosystem has contributed to the improvement of the forest, rivers, and pure air. Also, in the sector of agriculture, some plants have been used as disease resistant. Even though ESA has promoted environmental benefits, there are some improvements which need to be done. The ESA is the major safety net for species that are at risk of extinction; hence, the ESA responsibility needs to be at a low cost, maintained. In addition, it is recommended that considerable improvement should be done on the regulations that manage the implementation of the ESA. Also, the difference among the powerful statute that is the ESA and the regulations which control the implementation needs to be clearly outlined to allow effective assessment of the ESA. Improvement may also be applied on rapid protection of critical habitat, listing and recovery plans.
However, I would recommend the renewal of endangered species act. The reasons being the environmental benefits it contributes to the nation. Considering also the growth effect in the economy of the country where the wildlife sector raises the GDP, the ESA would be supported. Moreover, in the medical sector, the implementation of ESA has enabled a healthy environment. Nevertheless, the government needs to put some more funds to pay for the cost in implementing the ESA.
References
Goble, D. (2016). Science and the Endangered Species Act . Washington, D.C.: National Academies Press.
Shogren, J. (2015). Species at risk : using economic incentives to shelter endangered species on private lands. Austin : University of Texas Press.
Society., S. E. (2017). The Endangered Species Act. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press.
