There is a reasonably strong similarity between ancient and modern reactions to grief and loss, and it means the existence of a large number of universal aspects of experiencing these strong emotions (Roberts, Thomas & Morgan, 2016). Ancient people experienced the same types of losses as modern ones, including loss of family, property, pets, dignity, friends, and others. As an illustration, Alexander the Great was inconsolable because of the death of his horse; Cicero mourned his exile; the philosopher Plutarch wrote his wife a touching letter about the death of their two-year-old daughter (Roberts, Thomas & Morgan, 2016). Thus, many ancient people were looking for ways to use language as a cure for grief and loss. In modern psychology, there are also a lot of methods of using language to relieve negative feelings of grief and loss. For instance, there are methods of keeping a personal diary or writing letters, in which a person who has experienced grief must describe emotions. Moreover, writing emotional experiences improves the immune system and the individual's ability to cope with grief.
How people have changed their understanding based upon what they have learned about trauma
Just two hundred years ago, traumatic events and their impact on the human psyche were not well understood, so people could not cope with the consequences of the trauma. Nowadays, trauma, including one-time, multiple, or prolonged recurring events, affects everyone in various ways (Sitler, 2009). Some people may display behavior related to post-traumatic stress disorder. From the other side, a lot of people use to exhibit persistent reactions or brief subclinical symptoms or consequences that go beyond diagnostic criteria. In modern society, people have changed their attitude to trauma, so it is perceived as damage to the psycho-emotional state of a person, so it should be treated with the help of medical workers. Studies have also shown that experiencing trauma has some positive consequences, as it gives a person a state of deep awareness of reality and control (Sitler, 2009).
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References
Roberts, J., Thomas, A., & Morgan, J. (2016). Grief, Bereavement, and Positive Psychology. Journal of Counseling and Psychology , 1 (1).
Sitler, H. (2009). Teaching with Awareness: The Hidden Effects of Trauma on Learning. The Clearing House: A Journal of Educational Strategies, Issues and Ideas , 82 (3), 119-124. doi: 10.3200/tchs.82.3.119-124
