Rhetor: Francis Fukuyama
Credentials
Senior Fellow
Neoconservative Political Philosopher
Professor
Awarded Doctorate in Government
Great Author
Presuppositions
Believes that human nature shapes democracy
A staunch supporter of liberal democracy
Believes in peaceful co-existence
Audience
The writings “The Middle Class and Democracy’s Future” written in the book “Political Order and Political Decay” was addressed to the subscribers of Karl Marx’s and other freethinkers’ assertions on the middle class and their position in defining democracy. Fukuyama contends that Marx’s perception of the middle class is misguided especially in the wake of many determinants of democracy. The impact of the middle class in democracy has been significant especially with the shift from capitalism, which in the past grew as the perfect scale of classes. Technology too has largely impacted on the roles played by the middle class and their inclusion in deciding crucial aspects of democracy. In his address to open-minded liberals, Fukuyama suggests that the description of the middle class by Marx does not stand as people continue to embrace democracy necessitated by the rights to vote.
Presuppositions
The middle-class position has changed in relation to democracy.
The middle class has been able to influence the government through various means disposed to them.
Technology has further boosted the position held by the middle and the common class.
Marx’s assertion cannot be used as the absolute determinant of the middle class and their role in shaping democracy, especially in the wake of various elements of democracy.
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Purpose
To respond and challenge. Fukuyama’s writings challenge the positions held by Marx and other freethinkers concerning the middle class and their value in determining the patterns of democracy. His arguments are based on the end of history, which according to himself, marked the end of ideologies and prompted the emergence of new opportunities for equal participation between various classes. This would, in turn, facilitate the triumph for both economic and political liberalism. Fukuyama points out cases of conflicts in Latin America that has been as a result of inequality, in an indication that classes have awakened in search of what rightfully belongs to them. He disagrees that political struggles are based on class but rather, it has shifted to nation’s level.
Exigency
Improper classification of the middle class and their impact on developing democracy. The view of the middle class and their impact on democracy has to change and be put to the right context. This is in consideration of evolving aspects such as technology and identity that have shifted from classification in terms of income to values. In attempts to prove his sentiments, Fukuyama suggests that economic growth, health, stability, and education has changed the perception of the middle class towards democracy. These values positively impact on the middle class to involve themselves in politics in efforts to influence policies that will serve their interests. This is a signal that the domination of the poor over the middle class threatens their freedom as middle class perceives the domination of the poor a threat to democracy that protects their interests.
Analysis
The predictions of democracy are right because of rising income across different classes as evident in Asian countries. This implies that income inequality threatens democracy and social stability as seen in most Latin America countries. The spread of the middle class all over the world is a positive sign to shaping the stability of democracy. Middle class directly impacts democracy through political behavior. An indication that the continuous growth and spread of the middle class across the globe will participate in shaping democracy in attempts to secure different personal benefits. The sentiments of Fukuyama are an encouragement on the future and development of democracy.
