Art continues to evolve and define human civilizations capturing history, ideas, and ideals of various generations. Humanity is defined by art dating back to the prehistoric paintings in caves to the modern genres that include street graffiti. The paper provides an outline of the different art movements, including the Renaissance, Romanticism, Baroque, Impressionism, and Modernism.
Renaissance Art Movement
The renaissance art movement dates back from the 12th to the 17th Century (1150-1600 A.D). The period marked a significant transformation in knowledge and structure in human civilizations (Campbell & Ainsworth, 2002). The period saw the rise of the church as a leading institution in society, and its influence informed some creative works. Most arts were contemporary with religious undertone (Campbell & Ainsworth, 2002). Leonardo da Vinci remains among the leading artists of the age whose works of art include The Last Supper , The Virgin , and Mona Lisa . The two works are among the renowned pieces of art today.
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The renaissance arts depicted religious backgrounds and historical moments in Italy. Last Supper, for example, depicts the biblical history of Jesus’s last meal with his disciples. The painting was on a stoned-wall of the Convent of Santa Maria delle Grazie and had a size of 15 by 29 feet. The painting technique was the use of tempera paints to protect the paints from moisture. The Mona Lisa painting was another Leonardo da Vinci’s masterpiece that remains as a reminder of the Renaissance art movement. The painting size 77 by 53 cm and currently owned by the French government in Paris. The painting materials included oil on wood capturing the wife of Francesco del Giaconda. The painting captures the various aspects of the renaissance age in the forms of background.
Baroque Art Movement
The Baroque art movement dates back to the 17th Century (1600 – 1880 A.D). According to Riegl and Payne (2010) baroque art movement is renowned for its artistic features that often depict scenes of life. Among themes that were depicted in forms of religious scenery, historical events, and mythical expressions of the time. The age saw the rise of various artists who in their work represented different works of arts across various realms of human civilization (Riegl & Payne, 2010). The artists whose works exist from the age include Rembrandt van Rijn and Johannes Vermeer. Rembrandt’s The Night Watch was a canvas painting with a size of 363 by 438 cm and was done on a canvas. Jan Vermeer’s Art of Painting was another masterpiece of the 17th Century oil painting done on canvas. The painting is currently Austria as displayed in Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna and has a size of 120 by 100 cm.
Romanticism Art Movement
The Romanticism art movement dates between the 18th and 19th Centuries with creative works being majorly from Europe and America. The arts of the age were majorly expressed sensibly and relied on emotions. The Romanticism saw art move from paintings to literature, architecture, and music capturing the emphasis of connections that existed between human beings and nature (Gunderson, 2008). The paintings of these age saw artists capture various imaginations and events that shaped human history and experiences. Examples of arts from the age include The Nightmare (1781 ) and Bonaparte Visits Plague Stricken Jaffa (1804 ) (Gunderson, 2008). The Nightmare by Henry Fuseli captures the emotive aspect of romanticism paintings. The painting was done using oil on canvas and is currently found in Detroit Institute of Art. The painting has a gothic theme that depicts the human experiences of the time. The painting of Bonaparte Visits Plague Stricken Jaffa by Antoine Jean Gros captures the periods of the French revolution and the march on Egypt. The painting captures the mythical glory of Napoleon from a background of exotic laced with the horrors of death and heroism. The painting is done on canvas using oil paints and currently found in Louvre, Paris France.
Impressionism Art Movement
Impressionism dates back to the 19th Century (1880 – 1931). The era, unlike the Romanticism and Baroque, focused on the capture of movement and light. The paintings from the impressionism movement were done on canvas with quick dashes that emphasized on lighting and color (Samu, 2004). Among the artists of the time included Claude Monet. The impressionism movement saw artists express their ideas through fragmented ideologies. The paintings relied on audience emotions and interpretation to anchor meaning by focusing on leaving an impression on light and color (Samu, 2004). Artists of the impressionism age include Camille Pissaro, Edgar Degas, and Claude Monet among other artists. Claude Monet’s Impression Sunrise is a leading painting that depicts Monet’s hometown (Samu, 2004). The oil painting was done on canvas of a size 48 by 63 cm and currently found in Musee Marmottan Monet. Pierre-Auguste Renoir’s Luncheon of the Boating Party is the second painting done on canvas and had a size of 1.3m by 1.73m. The painting is currently one of the Phillips Collection.
Modernism Art Movement
Modernism art is characterized by a dynamic blend of various movements, a departure from the traditional norms of art. According to Samu (2004) the movement saw a rise in innovative techniques of painting to help with expressing ideas, philosophies, and emotions. A leading artist of the age is Paul Cezanne. Cezanne’s The Large Bathers captures the techniques used at the time at a transition and was an oil painting. The painting measures 2.1 by 2.51meters are located in the Philadelphia Museum of Art marks the post-impressionism and cubism. Vincent van Gogh’s The Starry Night of 1889 was done on canvas using oil paint. The painting measures 74 cm by 92 cm and located at The Museum of Modern Art.
Art movements contribute an integral role as they espouse a collective representation of art at different stages in human civilizations annotated through their differences in styles, objectives, and timelines. Art movements remain recognized either by the ideas they present or by the timelines of their creation.
References
Campbell, T. P., & Ainsworth, M. W. (2002). Tapestry in the Renaissance: art and magnificence . Metropolitan Museum of Art.
Gunderson, J. (2008). Romanticism . The Creative Company.
Riegl, A., & Payne, A. A. (2010). The origins of Baroque art in Rome . Getty Publications.
Samu, M. (2004). Impressionism: Art and modernity. Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History .
