Ernest Miller Hemmingway served as a journalist and author from America. Hemmingway was born in Oak Park, Illinois on July 1899. He died in July 1961 after committing suicide. The understated as well as the economical approach by Ernest influenced fiction of the 20 th century significantly (Notablebiographies, 2019). His adventurous life together with the image he portrayed to the public had significant effect on later generations. Regarding his work, Hemmingway produced most of it between the 1920s and 1950s (UMICH, 2019). He also managed to win a Literature Nobel Prize in 1954. He was able to publish two-non-fiction works, six collections of short stories, and seven novels. In this vein, it is evident that Hemmingway made a tremendous contribution to society (Wagner-Martin, 2009). Thus, the paper undertakes a personality assessment of Ernest Miller Hemmingway using three approaches, including the learning approach, behavioral approach, and the humanistic approach.
Learning Approach
The learning approach by Albert Bandura focuses on elements, such as thought, expectations, values, and feelings in assessing personality (Fryling et al., 2011). In the perspective of Bandura, the critical element attributed to his viewpoint is that individuals have the capacity to foreseeing the probable outcomes attributed to various behaviors in certain situations without the need for performing them (Maslow, 2014). This usually occurs mostly via the observational learning way viewing the activities of others while emphasizing the repercussions (Gardener, 2012). For example, kids who are capable of perceiving the repercussions associated with certain behaviors are considered positive (Levine & Munsch, 2010). In case a model portrays violent behavior that does not lead to negative repercussions, children have minimal chances of acting violently. In this perspective, personality usually results from observing how other people behave. Bandura directs tremendous emphasis on the role that self-efficacy plays and the learning outcome. This means the ability to performing the behavior of realizing the required outcome. The idea of self-efficacy usually underlies the faith that people have in their capacity for undertaking certain behavior. When individuals have increased idea of self-efficacy, they are traditionally increasingly persistent, allowing them to emerge successful. The learning approach is unique based on how it focuses on the reciprocity that exists between people and the environment in which they live (Bernacki, Nokes-Malach, & Aleven, 2015). For the environment, it influences personality, although the behaviors people portray usually modify their background.
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As a born leader, Hemingway has learned to exercise astonishing determination and drive in the things that he undertakes. While he emphasizes on his right for making his mind up, Hemmingway advocates for freedom of action and thought. He also makes sure that no one or anything interferes with his affairs since he is committed to realizing his goals. Hemmingway has also learned how to seek the limelight and forefront. He feels the need for remaining in command of vital undertakings while avoiding any supporting roles. He usually portrays anger while at the same time becoming domineering if crucial things fail to match his plans. Furthermore, Hemmingway seems impatient when he encounters shortcomings. Additionally, he has learned means of showing concern toward his status as well as displaying the need for realizing self-satisfaction and success (UMICH, 2019). Interestingly, Hemmingway has learned means of appearing well off contributing considerably to his need for striving for success and growth
Behavioral Approach
The behavioral approach emphasizes on the outer individual. In the perspective of stringent learning theorists, personality revolves around the responses that people learn from the outside environment whereas internal events, including feelings, motivations, and thoughts, are ignored. Behavioral theorists argue that the best means of comprehending personality requires assessing the most influential behavioral theorists. For BF Skinner, personality is about several behavioral patterns that people learn. Resemblances prevail in the distinct conditions that result from similar reinforcement patterns, which individuals received from past situations. For example, in case specific people are sociable in meetings or parties, this is because they were reinforced previously by portraying social behavior as opposed to them fulfilling particular unconscious desires. This depends on the experiences that they face during their childhood or due to internal characteristics that they have of sociability. For the behavioral approach, it mostly focuses on modifying behavior in distinct ways (Couto & Sandaker, 2016). The viewpoint, in this case, is that it is possible to change people if it is probable to modify and control their behavioral patterns.
Regarding the behavioral approach, it applies to Hemmingway, particularly based on how he ensures to put the needs of his family first. He is also the provider and protector of the people that he loves. He focuses on realizing attention and respect while portraying anger if he fails to realize the things that he desires (Wandersman, Poppen, & Ricks, 2016). Furthermore, Ernest is astonishingly original and creative. He also shows the need for accomplishing the unusual things (Levine & Munsch, 2010). The way Hemmingway approaches challenges is unique while he portrays courage when dealing with unknown things. He becomes impatient when he experienced challenges. He also portrays the behavior of attaining status within the society in line with directing considerable attention toward self-satisfaction as well as success in the things that he undertakes (Hampson, 2012). Since Ernest feels the desire for appearing well off, he strives to realize successes, growth, as well as good things in life.
Humanistic Approach
According to the humanistic approach, all the different personality approaches usually share a fundamental misperception based on how they perceive the nature of humans. As opposed to classifying persons under the control of unconscious and unidentifiable forces, several stable characteristics, situational punishments, reinforcements, or inherited forces, the humanistic approach focuses on the key goodness among individuals based on how they anticipate realizing increased functioning levels (Osafo et al., 2015). For the conscious and self-motivated capacities for improving and changing the unique and innovative impulses among individuals, they comprise of the critical aspect of personality. Here, Carl Rogers is a major supporter of the humanistic viewpoint. Rogers argues that individuals need positive regard, which depicts their overall requirements for being respected and loved. Since other people offer this form of positive regard, individuals become reliant on them (Rogers, 2015). As such, they start judging and seeing themselves through the eyes of other persons based on the values that they portray. In Rogers' perspective, the outgrowth that results due to directing importance on other people's opinions is that a conflict might result between the real encounters of people and their self-impression and self-concepts. In the case of major discrepancies, the repercussions are also severe. However, if they were major, they would contribute to psychological disturbances when functioning daily, including the encounter of anxiety that occurs frequently. For Rogers, he suggests that a primary means of outdoing the discrepancy that exists between self-concept and experience is about positively receiving unconditional regard from other individuals. This refers to the attitude of respect as well as acceptance on the observers' part irrespective of what the other people do or say. This acceptance provides people with the opportunity of growing and evolving, both emotionally and cognitively. Here, the humanistic approach is a major area of focus in that it leads to the realization of the ultimate goals that facilitate the growth of personality entail self-actualization. This serves as the major goal of self-fulfillment that makes it possible for people to realize their optimal potential (Nelson et al., 2014). It also allows them to accept that they have the capacity for attaining fulfillment and happiness.
The humanistic approach is applicable to Hemmingway since he needs to make sure he addresses issues related to conceit, selfishness, and emphasis on appearance. He should ensure that he protects himself from his anger, overzealous behavior, and aggressiveness (Jarvis, 2015). In the event that he fails to control these behaviors, Hemmingway might emerge as an extremely domineering, violent, and vindictive individual. Ernst normally performs well when working on his own while focusing on serving as his boss and minding his own business. He holds his work firm and dream in life while showing exceptional determination to attain it. Ernest's self-driven nature stresses him while exercising caution when it comes to the food that he eats. He also ensures to follow an exercise program. Hemmingway portrays overconfidence and pride, which have a major influence on the things that he undertakes (Notablebiographies, 2019). The different abilities and talents he possesses are amazing, although he should be humble as opposed to proud.
Conclusion
In conclusion, Ernest Miller Hemmingway is an individual who has gained major popularity, especially based on how his understated and economical approach has influenced fiction of the 20th century. Based on his personality assessment, the learning approach depicts how Hemingway has learned to exercise astonishing determination and drive in the things that he undertakes. Regarding the behavioral approach, it depicts Hemmingway's behavior as one who ensures to put the needs of his family first. He is also the provider and protector of the people that he loves. He also focuses on realizing attention and respect. Additionally, he portrays anger when he fails to realize the things that he desires. Concerning the humanistic approach, it advocates on the need for Hemmingway to address issues related to conceit, selfishness, and emphasis on appearance to allow him to continue realizing undisputed successes in various aspects of life. Overall, the personality assessment for Hemingway reveals the different factors that contributed to his widespread successes and popularity in his works.
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