The Science of Psychology: An Introduction

Question 1 

Descriptive research is a research type that describes a phenomenon to be studied, while experimental research is a research type in which the researcher manipulates a specific variable to obtain findings. Descriptive research is vital in gathering data on a specific population, whereas experimental research is useful in identifying the effect of correlation and causal relationships. Descriptive research cannot illustrate the causality of events and, as a result, cannot be used in making future predictions (Phillips et al., 2013) . On the other hand, experimental research can illustrate causality accurately and, in effect, can be used in making future predictions. Descriptive research incorporates both qualitative and quantitative methodologies, while experimental research mainly utilizes quantitative methodology. 

Question 2 

Survey research is advantageous since it is cheap, especially for online surveys. The cost per survey response, including the cost of incentives, is considerably lower than the cost of running a focus group (Phillips et al., 2013) . It is also relatively easy to implement since respondents can be easily reached. It can be conducted remotely and, in this case, reduces geographical dependence. 

However, survey research is disadvantageous since it is susceptible to research error with inaccurate assumptions being made about a specific sample. In addition, respondents may lack the incentive to provide accurate answers. The participants may not feel comfortable providing responses that present themselves unfavorably. 

I have participated in both online surveys, for instance, those provided by Google and Facebook. I have also participated in traditional surveys in which I have filled information on a piece of paper. 

Question 3 

The primary goal of basic research is to expand knowledge, while the main goal of applied research is to offer a practical solution to a specific problem. In this sense, basic research is theory-based, while applied research is practical-based. An example of basic research is a study regarding how children acquire new secondary languages. An example of applied research is a study to boost the classroom interaction between learners and teachers. 

Reference 

Phillips, P. P., Phillips, J. J., & Aaron, B. (2013).  Survey basics . American Society for Training and Development.