Question/ Paragraph 1
Erikson identified eight stages that one goes through in their development. Each stage has its unique characteristics, conflicts, and results that determine the next level. At each stage, one must face two conflicting ideas to contribute to the society confidently. Failure to address the conflicts leads to a feeling of inadequacy (Ryckman, 2013) . A person moves from one stage to the other by overcoming the conflicting ideas and mastering the arts of each level, which leads to mental and psychological preparedness for the next level.
The current stage in life is intimacy versus isolation, which starts from 19 to 40 years. At this stage, young adults undergo different struggles as they try to establish relationships. The experiences and skills in the previous five steps will help in the current and future stages. Any challenges at this level can lead to life struggles. Success at this stage implies having healthy and fulfilling relationships, whereas failure is attributed to isolation and loneliness (Schultz & Schultz, 2010) . People at this stage develop loving relationships, which Erikson described as intimacy by sharing with others and establishing deep connections.
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At age 19-40, a person develops and sustains fulfilling relationships with non-family members like schoolmates, workmates, or even teammates. Some of the best friends can fall off as new ones take their position. Isolation can arise if a person is unwilling to open up or avoids intimacy. Isolation can, therefore, prevent one from developing healthy relationships (Ryckman, 2013) . Such an individual can end up being socially isolated and depressed. A person can opt not to open up and share their experiences leading to strong and lasting connections. In such a case, they are rejected, and they tend to withdraw as they try to avoid being dismissed, hurt, or shunned, leading to low self-esteem, which affects future relationships.
Question/ Paragraph 2
Horney's theory identifies emotional conflicts at an early life where maladaptive tendencies are traced to basic anxiety, which is the fear and distrust of one's life. The source of such issues is the insecurity at an early life. According to Horney, healthy development led to basic confidence in a child. The source, in this case, is predictable and genuine warmth, respect, and interest from the parents. A child that is abused or neglected at an early age lacks confidence in life ( Ryckman, 2013; Schultz & Schultz, 2010) . Basic anxiety arises if a child feels that they are helpless and isolated in a hostile world, and the situation can continue into adulthood.
Early years, therefore, play a significant part in basic anxiety since parents are likely to be dominating, belittling, overprotective, and indifferent and fail to honor promises. The situation is attributable to a lack of affection and warmth, leading to basic hostility. The child, in this case, would like to live but cannot, and since they depend on the parents, they redirect their expression and feelings of hostility to other people that they don't rely for support. In some instances, children use basic hostility as a coping strategy and use the same to address challenges in their lives.
Question/ Paragraph 3
Allport defines personality as a dynamic organization of the psychophysical systems of an individual that determines their behavior, characteristics, and thoughts. He defined dynamic organization as the integration and interrelatedness that is subject to change. Psychophysical includes the physical and psychological issues, and that personality is determined by different factors that are internal to a person ( Ryckman, 2013; Feist, Fest & Roberts, 2018) . In Allport's definition, it is evident that personality is affected by various factors, some of which are internal and external to an individual. The organization of such systems will, therefore, determine their thought process, the way they behave, and their characteristics.
A person, for example, can behave differently depending on the environment they are in, with some opting to adapt while others failing to do so, thus behave differently from their usual way. The same applies to the way that a person thinks. Some factors can affect the mental stability of a person making it hard for them to think and behave in their usual way (Ryckman, 2013) . The definition implies that personality is a result of different factors, internal and external, that interact daily.
References
Feist, J., Fest, G., & Roberts, T. (2018). Theories of personality (9th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill Education.
Ryckman, R. (2013). Theories of personality . Belmont, CA: Wandsworth/Cengage Learning.
Schultz, D., & Schultz, S. (2010). Theories of personality (5th ed.). Belmont: Wadsworth: Cengage Learning.
