Psychological measurements have evolved significantly over time owing to the changes in numerous affective factors that cause and are indicative of changes in different societies, both localized and global. Anastasi (1985) uses past research to chronicle the changes that have been noted over the 50 years. Notably, there are numerous trends that have contributed to creation and evolution of various psychological measurements. Some of the factors found to affect cognitive development include changes in self-concept and attitudes, among numerous others which Anastasi has covered while exploring the practical application of various tests that have been developed since the 1930s (Anastasi, 1985). Among the concepts which Anastasi found to be significant include cross-cultural testing, the effect of norms on test score interpretation and the understanding of psychological trait formation.
Cultural changes that occur in populations with time are an important trend discussed. As noted, psychological tests that are culturally universal or inclusive have been difficult to formulate due to the significant differences that exist in factors such as learning methods and contexts (Loewenthal & Lewis, 2018). However, increased exposure and the emergence of the global village phenomenon has made application of learning methods such as lecture-based learning and the use of written language more universal and common (Bieda et al., 2017). Modern learning methods have pervaded traditional settings hence influencing cognitive development towards positive responsiveness to universal tests based on the modern contexts.
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Secondly, research continues on the creation of models that minimize test bias and enhance fairness preserving the validity of the test, interpretation and results and preventing over-prediction or under-prediction. An effective model should be one that is developed for a very specific purpose and context (Bartel-Radic & Giannelloni, 2017). A specific model could be used in determining the suitability of a certain individuals move from one culture to another, say from a European based economy such as France to an Asian marketplace such as Hong Kong.
References
Anastasi, A. (1985). Some Emerging Trends in Psychological Measurement: A Fifty-Year Perspective. Applied Psychological Measurement, 9(2), 121-138.
Bartel-Radic, A., & Giannelloni, J. L. (2017). A renewed perspective on the measurement of cross-cultural competence: An approach through personality traits and cross-cultural knowledge. European Management Journal, 35(5), 632-644.
Bieda, A., Hirschfeld, G., Schönfeld, P., Brailovskaia, J., Zhang, X. C., & Margraf, J. (2017). Universal happiness? Cross-cultural measurement invariance of scales assessing positive mental health. Psychological Assessment, 29(4), 408.
Loewenthal, K. M., & Lewis, C. A. (2018). An Introduction to Psychological Tests and Scales . Psychology Press.
