Eating disorders have been established to affect an average of six percent of youth. The main impact on health has prompted the World Health Organization to incorporate them among the first mental illness condition for children and the adolescents. In the past decades, obesity and overweight have escalated almost two to three folds in adolescents. Adolescents are now an international public health challenge, linked to possibly overwhelming medical and psychosocial results, mortality that is premature, and outrageous health system costs.
Literature Review
Emma, H. & Martin, H. (2006). Examination of sociocultural model of disordered eating among male and female adolescents. British Journal of Health Psychology , 11, 235-248
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In this article, the author’s objective is to test Stice’s account of sociocultural mechanism of disordered eating modified with an attempt to include social relationships. In addition, the article assesses how self-reported index of body-mass as well as the viewed condition of weight affects relations within the mechanism. Moreover, the article informs the reader that supposed pressure towards losing weight is directly related to eating behavior and indirectly linked through internalization, body satisfaction and social comparisons. Nonetheless, social comparisons are stronger connected to body dissatisfaction amongst adolescents who view themselves as overweight. In summary, the author highlights that mechanisms of eating disordered behavior, advanced for girls at adolescent stage and are as well applicable for understanding the behavior amongst the adolescents who are male. The article is an absolute focus for interventions ( Emma and Martin, 2006 ).
Harris, J., & Steele, A. M. (2014). Have we lost our minds? The siren song of reductionism in eating disorder research and theory. Eating disorders, 22(1), 87-95.
In this article, the authors debate for a formulation of biopsychological eating disorders, as a topic that incorporates formulations of brain coupled with psychological as well as social causalities. The journal states that the aim of eating disorder studies have shifted from mind to brain over the past one decade. The paradigm of etiology with the exception of factors of psychology as causal, together with the neglect of multifaceted biopsychosocial interpretations ensued. Further, it highlights that eating disorder is currently categorized as a disorder of the brain. The authers reveal the example of the Director of National Institute of Mental Health, Dr. Tom Insel, who claimed that in the field of eating disorder, moreso, anorexia nervosa, the talk is about brain disorders. Nonetheless, the design and emphasis regarding neuroanatomy biology and substances of neurochemestry is substantive on the provision of benefits. To begin with, it is consistent with the medical approach. Therefore, eating disorder symptomatology such as binging, restricting and purging is basically an impartial indicator of an existing abnormality of the brain or imbalance in chemicals. The authors therefore proposes that treatment should be conduted directly at rectifying the abnormality due to pathogens. Further, they highlight that the proposed view discards causes due to psychology as well as treatments in approval of drug treatments. But, the absence of emperical evidence for this view should raise questions, moreso, with repect to anorexia where the lack of medictaion has revealed important consistent gain (Preston et al, 2013).
Bergh, C., Callmar, M., Danemar, S., Hölcke, M., Isberg, S., Leon, M., ... & Palmberg, K. (2013). Effective treatment of eating disorders: Results at multiple sites. Behavioral neuroscience , 127 (6), 878.
The journal informs the reader that dieting is the major threating factor for loosing control as a result of body weight. It highlights that individuals who are able to sustain their restricted diet are likely to contract anorexia nervosa as opposed to others who are endavoring to lessen their intake of food but certainly flop and overeat, usually palatable food. The article classifies the individuals as binge eaters, however, in the event they purge due to their large meals, they are likely to develop bulumia nervosa. If they do not contract the disorder, they come to be over-weight and ultimately obese. Moreover, the authors enlighten readers that both bulimics and anorexics also greatly increase their physical activity. The authors add that, time challenges can speedily induce the eating behavior which characterized by bulimia, obesity and anorexia thus seems to be different indicators of similar disorder ( Bergh et al, 2013 ).
My Opinion on the Articles
In order to understand the outcomes presented in the studies, it important to observe the bio psychosocial model. Importantly, health results have three possible contributors (such as genetic or biological, usually seen as problematic to change), psychosocial factors (such as social, psychological and behavioral, usually seen as the most responsive to change), biosocial factors (such as those of socially and biological aspects constructed, for instance race or gender). Every type of factor may have both direct and indirect impact on health conditions. All tested factors of biomedical contributes to the satisfaction of the body and eating disorder, and the three out of four tested psychosocial factors such as negative effect, internalizing of the thin model, and the burden for thinness accounts for extra variance beyond and above the factors of biomedicine.
Conclusion
In conclusion, I suggest that excesses of eating among human eating disorders changes the functioning of brain specifically pathways linked to dopamine, and develops a vicious cycle of biological nature that affects recovery. Body image is an individual’s internal representation of their outer body, differentiated between attitudes of body image such as behaviors, affect and cognitions; and perceptions. Both assessment, for instance, satisfaction or dissatisfaction, self-ideal discrepancies; and appearance are specific attitudinal developments. Much of the body studies have aimed at self-assessments of individual’s appearance. The studies have shown that negative appearance assessment, for example, body dissatisfaction is linked to many health related issues which include low self-esteem, increased vulnerability of depression as well as anxiety. Further to psychological results, there is proof that appearance assessment is linked to behavioral results, for instance, exercise and eating pathologies.
References
Bergh, C., Callmar, M., Danemar, S., Hölcke, M., Isberg, S., Leon, M., ... & Palmberg, K. (2013). Effective treatment of eating disorders: Results at multiple sites. Behavioral neuroscience , 127 (6), 878.
Emma, H. & Martin, H.,(2006). Examination of sociocultural model of disordered eating among male and female adolescents. British Journal of Health Psychology , 11, 235-248
Harris, J., & Steele, A. M. (2014). Have we lost our minds? The siren song of reductionism in eating disorder research and theory. Eating disorders, 22 (1), 87-95.
