Q1
Yes, smoking tobacco, lack of physical exercise, exposure to sun and UV rays, dietary factors, and environmental pollution are the leading causes of cancers ( Anderson, 1988) . Sexual behaviors and consumption of alcohol are also causes of cancer but do not fall under the major category. Smoking tobacco is a leading cause of contracting cancer disease and cancer deaths, and this is because tobacco contains many chemicals that destroy the DNA composition leading to numerous cancers such as the mouth, lungs, the digestion system, larynx, throat, kidney, bladder, and myeloid leukemia ( Anderson, 1988) . Additionally, lifestyle activities such as lack of physical exercise and poor dietary choices are a major leading of cancer, for example, engagement in physical activity can reduce the contraction of the bowel, womb and breast cancers, on the other hand, poor dietary choices lead to overweight which increases the chances of cancer diseases. Ultraviolet radiation from the sun is a major contributing factor in skin cancer, for example, in the UK in eight out of ten cases of melanoma can be prevented by safe exposure to Ultraviolet radiation ( Anderson, 1988) . On the other hand, alcohol consumption and sexual behaviors are risk factors to contraction of cancer disease.
Q2
Chronic illnesses have adverse effects on both the patient and their family. Firstly, chronic illnesses are demanding regarding finances which in turn drain the financial status of the family, in this case, the patient and the family at large are adversely affected ( Hesketh, 2013) . Secondly, chronic illness brings about negative emotion to the patient as well as the family, mostly; the patient is always in pain which affect their emotional well- being as well as that of the family members. Additionally, a chronic ill patient requires quality care which forces family members to alter their daily routine so as to create to care for the patient. The patient feels sorry about the situation the demanding nature of their health condition which in turn affects their emotional and psychological well-being ( Hesketh, 2013) .
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References
Anderson, R. (1988). Living with chronic illness: The experience of patients and their families . London [u.a.: Allen & Unwin..
Hesketh, R. (2013). Introduction to cancer biology . Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
