Suppliers
These are the source of power and can be external or part of the system. For direct current, the sources of power include fuel cells, batteries and photovoltaic cells. For alternating current, the source of power is a rotor spinning in the magnetic field in the turbo generator. A broad range of techniques including hydro-electric power, nuclear energy, wind and fossil fuel are used to spin the turbine’s rotor. The frequency of AC power produced by the generator is determined by the speed of rotor spins and the number of generator poles ( Expósito et al, 2016) . Generators synchronized on a single power systems such as the national grid rotates at the same speed and generates power at the same frequency. If the load on the systems increases, a higher spinning speed in required and hence more fuel and steam is supplied to drive the turbines ( Weedy et al, 2012) . A variable number of power phases are produced by the AC generators, but higher phases are more efficient power systems.
Loaders
Energy from the lower system is supplied to loads to perform their respective functions. The loads include industry machinery and household appliances ( Expósito et al, 2016) . Each load requires a certain amount of voltage and for AC current, a certain frequency and phase number. Most household appliance requires a single phase with a voltage of 110-260 and 50-60 Hz frequency (depends on national standards). All household appliances have wattage specifying the amount of consumed by the device. Note the net amount of consumed power is equal to the net amount of power generated by the source the amount power lost through transmission.
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Conductors
Power generated by generators is transmitted to loads through conductors. In national grid, conductors are transmission system carrying a large amount of power at high voltage from the source to distribution system or the load centers to feed small amount of power to homes and industry ( Weedy et al, 2012) . Generally, the choice of conductor is based on resistivity and cost, where copper has lower resistivity than aluminum, but aluminum is less costly than copper hence it is commonly used for transmission line.
References
Expósito, A. G., Gomez-Exposito, A., Conejo, A. J., & Canizares, C. (Eds.). (2016). Electric energy systems: analysis and operation . CRC press.
Weedy, B. M., Cory, B. J., Jenkins, N., Ekanayake, J. B., & Strbac, G. (2012). Electric power systems . John Wiley & Sons.
