I need you to focus more on the aim and look at the proposal file I submitted. I am not dealing with possible future cardio problems. I need to point out more about patients that have already been diagnosed with cardiovascular disease, not the ones at risk. Also I need to point out how does literature relate to wellbeing been influenced by stress. How does stress influence people affected with cardiovascular disease wellbeing? finally please the document is a research paper made already, so it needs to be in the past tense.
Considerable progress has been made on identifying ways of improving the quality of life for individuals in the modern society. Through extensive research, it has become apparent that mental health particularly by avoiding stressful situations is an effective measure of achieving good health (Keller et al., 2012). Researchers have found that stressors in life have significant cardiovascular effects. In fact, stressful experiences in early life have been associated with cardiovascular morbidity into adulthood. Medical practitioners will usually advice patients who have been diagnosed with cardiovascular diseases to avoid stress as a means of elongating their lives (Prior, Vestergaard, Larsen, & Fenger-Grøn, 2018). It is critical to explore the perceptions of stress on the wellbeing of people with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) due to the high prevalence of the illness not only in the country, but also globally.
Delegate your assignment to our experts and they will do the rest.
Cardiovascular diseases are a group of disorders associated with an abnormal functioning of the heart and blood vessels. Some of these illnesses include coronary heart disease, peripheral arterial disease, cerebrovascular disease, rheumatic heart disease, congenital heart disease, and deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. Living with either one of these conditions not only causes significant physical discomfort, but also a psychological strain that patients have to cope with. Acute and chronic stress weakens the body due to emotional, cognitive, physiological and behavioral changes that it causes which have cause negative impacts on various cardiac diseases. Research by Fărcaúş and Năstasă (2013) notes that psychological stress associated with cardiac concerns occurs from 2.8% to 10% among the general population and those with chronic heart conditions respectively. However, only 30%-35% of these individuals are referred to a psychologist or psychiatrist.
There is a general fear associated with being diagnosed with a chronic heart disease and the possibility of death associated with the condition (Kaplan, Madden, Mijanovich, & Purcaro, 2013). It is for this reason that people living with cardiovascular diseases develop coping mechanisms that will help ensure psychological well-being. Research by Kamoei and Meschi (2016) recognizes some of the practices including positive relations with others, self-acceptance, autonomy, and a purpose driven life. However, the perception of stress among individuals who are at risk of developing CVDs or those who have already been diagnosed is vital to employing such techniques (Song, Oh, Ahn, & Moorhead, 2018). CVDs are the number 1 cause of death in the modern society accounting for more than 30% of annual deaths (Roger et al., 2011). Therefore, exploring the perceptions of stress on the wellbeing of people with CVDs is critical to develop measures that can help reduce its mortality rate.
The use of qualitative methods of research is an effective measure of identifying the motivational factors that help influence healthy behaviors. Structured questionnaires will be used to collect data on various concerns relating to perception of stress and its influence on the well-being of the patient (Spector, 2002). Numerous studies have shown that ability to maintain a positive attitude, family support, and regular motivation are some of the effective measures that influence adoption of health behaviors among patients with CVDs (Steptoe & Kivimäki, 2015). The use of qualitative methods is integral to this study as it highlights the specific themes in perception of stress among the people with these chronic conditions (Stavrianopoulos, 2016). Individuals believe that stress is almost certain to cause an increased heart rate and could cause a deterioration of health status. The study design will also help illuminate how this perception has influenced the individual’s behavior towards healthy living.
Stress is considered a physical, chemical, or emotional factor that leads to body and mental tension and its influence could be seen by the development of a disease. In a stressful environment the body releases stress hormones that speed up the heart rate, quicker breathing, tense muscles, stop of digestion, and flow of blood to the brain and muscles increases by nearly 400% (Steptoe & Kivimäki, 2013). While the release of stress hormones is beneficial to the individual, repeated instances can cause significant harm particularly to the patients diagnosed with CVDs. Researchers have found a close relation between stress and CVDs hence the need to avoid stressful situations at all costs (Steptoe & Kivimäki, 2013). The following research will serve to identify the perceptions of stress as depicted among individuals diagnosed with CVD on the various events that cause it and its influence on healthy living. The research shows that management of stress is integral to reducing the severity of CVDs and potential morbidity for those at risk.
References
Fărcaş, A. D., & Năstasă, L. E. (2014). Factors influencing the perception of stress in patients with heart failure. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 127 , 144-148.
Kamoei, K., & Meschi, F. (2016). The relationship between perceived stress and coping styles with psychological well-being in cardiac patients. Health Sciences, 5 (11), 707-711.
Kaplan, S. A., Madden, V. P., Mijanovich, T., & Purcaro, E. (2013). The perception of stress and its impact on health in poor communities. Journal of Community Health, 38 (1), 142-149.
Keller, A., Litzelman, K., Wisk, L. E., Maddox, T., Cheng, E. R., Creswell, P. D., & Witt, W. P. (2012). Does the perception that stress affects health matter? The association with health and mortality. Health Psychology, 31 (5), 677-684.
Prior, A., Vestergaard, M., Larsen, K. K., & Fenger-Grøn, M. (2018). Association between perceived stress, multimorbidity and primary care health services: a Danish population-based cohort study. BMJ Open, 8 (2), e018323.
Roger, V. L., Go, A. S., Lloyd-Jones, D. M., Adams, R. J., Berry, J. D., Brown, T. M., ... & Fox, C. S. (2011). Heart disease and stroke statistics—2011 update: A report from the American Heart Association. Circulation, 123 (4), e18.
Song, R., Oh, H., Ahn, S., & Moorhead, S. (2018). Validation of the cardiac health behaviour scale for Korean adults with cardiovascular risks or diseases. Applied Nursing Research, 39 , 252-258.
Spector, P. E. (2002). Employee control and occupational stress. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 11 (4), 133-136.
Stavrianopoulos, T. (2016). Impact of a Nurses-Led Telephone Intervention Program on the Quality of Life in Patients with Heart Failure in a District Hospital of Greece. Health Science Journal, 10 (4).
Steptoe, A., & Kivimäki, M. (2013). Stress and cardiovascular disease: an update on current knowledge. Annual Review of Public Health, 34 , 337-354.
