Many factors influence learning among children. Among them are environmental factors, stimulation responses, and social interactions. These factors determine the fluency and the rate at which the children grab concepts during their learning period as asserted Treiman, R., & Kessler, B. (2014). This article is a summary of how literacy among the children is developed. The author holds an opinion that there are specific components for effective learning program for children. Also, the author maintains a belief that effective reading instructions need a particular approach and lastly, the author identifies some of the modification necessary for diverse learning among children.
Analyze the required components for an effective reading program
Reading among children is impacted by many issues, and this depends on whether the child is at home or is in a learning institution where the cognitive development is enhanced. However, there are specific components which need to be included for a reading program to be termed as effective as asserted by Treiman & Kessler, 2014). The first is the speech and fluency development. Speech is a significant part of reading programs. With speech, fluency of reading is enhanced. Fluency is defined as reading with appropriate accuracy, speed, and expression. A child can read as they speak and make sense of every word they utter without having to stop and think of each word. This is a component which must be enhanced in reading program for it to be tugged effective. It is important to note that a child cannot properly read if their speech development is poor ( Goodman, 2014). Also, fluency in reading may be ineffective if speech among children has not developed well.
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The next component of a reading program is the comprehension. Comprehension is very paramount, and ought to be part of a program which is geared towards making the children read effectively. Comprehension in this context is defined as a cognitive process where the reader strives to understand the words which they read. This is very important for the children. In the article given, there is an example of Donna and his mother. Donna learns to read by comprehending what his mother says. In an effective learning program, therefore, answering questions and summarization should form part of the program to enhance comprehension. It is noted that as children learn to answer the question and also learn to summarize what they have read, they develop reading skills faster and clearly ( Teale, 1982). For instance, in the article, we see Donna answering questions asked by her mother, this makes him learns faster how to comprehend what he is reading. It shows how important comprehension is to a reading program among children ( Teale, 1982).
The last component which is very critical to a learning program is the picture book reading. This is a situation where the children are exposed to some pictures with some text on them. Picture reading does not only make the children learns faster how to read, but also enhances their cognitive development. Image leaves a lasting impression on the mind, and this is very important in helping the children to develop reading ability faster. In reading program, charts with a lot of drawing and images with some written words, for instance, their name must be included. Also, studies have suggested that children develop a lot of curiosity as they see the image with names written on them ( Teale, 1982). This enhances their urge to know more about the name of the image and thus make them learn how to read them.
Describe the best approach for an effective reading instruction
Reading among children as already mentioned is a process. One component of the reading process is for a child to be able to follow the instruction given. However, children learn to follow instruction differently based on the approach which they are exposed to as they learn how to read. These are some of the approaches for the reading instructions which children need to be exposed to as they strive to develop reading ability both in learning institution and outside these institutions. The first is a careful observation of the children as they strive to read and build a threat-free environment for the children. Effective reading instruction depends on the kind of environments created by the instructor ( Goodman, 2014). In the article, it is indicated that environment brings out the best out of the children in term of reading. For instance, the threat may not be the best approach of providing learning instructions among the children. For this reasons, the environment should be friendly so that it enhances social interaction among the children ( Teale, 1982). This also enhances open discussion and incorporation of the real-life situations from home as the child strives to learn how to read and also follow the instructions as given.
The second approach is the instructional grouping. Children learn to read faster when they are put in groups. This can also be used as a strategy to make children follow instructions and learn faster and effectively as asserted by Treiman & Kessler, 2014). There is the whole group, individual group and also the small group instructions. This can be utilized by the instructor depending on the type of a child given instruction. There are those children who thrive when they have approached the individual, and the teacher needs to help them by giving them instruction individually and closely. In other cases where the instructor or the teacher is exposed to a large number of children, they can use the large or small group to give instruction ( Teale, 1982). They can divide the children and give them instruction on how to read in a group. This is describing in this article as the theory of assimilation. The children will be assimilating what their friends in the group are doing and how they are following instruction and this can be very effective.
Identify modifications required for diverse learners
Diversity in the education sector has become a weighty matter because learners are becoming diverse. It has therefore forced the teachers and other professionals to ensure that effective, diverse learning among the children is enhanced to meet every child's expectations ( Goodman, 2014). There are specific modifications which need to be in place for diverse learners to be satisfied. The first is to know the interest of every child. This is important in determining the general interest of the children in the class. This feedback can then be used to design the kind of program which will meet the needs of each child in the classroom.
The second modification is creating a lesson for songs for the children and significantly less on the complex issues. Songs are essential for the diverse learners. During the song lessons, different children are given the opportunity to sing, and this is very important since it gives the sense of inclusiveness ( Teale, 1982). The last one is that the instructor to primary on the audio and visual method of teaching. This should form part of some critical lessons in the classroom for the diverse learners.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the article has indicated that there are specific factors which need to be enhanced for effective reading program. Also, approaches matters a lot with regards to following instruction for reading. Lastly, the author has recognizes some strategies which are very critical for modification of the programs to suits diverse learning.
References
Teale, W. H. (1982). Toward a theory of how children learn to read and write naturally. Language Arts , 59 (6), 555-570.
Goodman, Y. M. (2014). Observing Children in the Classroom. Making Sense of Learners Making Sense of Written Language: The Selected Works of Kenneth S. Goodman and Yetta M. Goodman , 197 .
Treiman, R., & Kessler, B. (2014). How children learn to write words . Oxford University Press.
