Silva, A. S., & Mace, R. (2014, October). Cooperation and conflict: field experiments in Northern Ireland. In Proc. R. Soc. B (Vol. 281, No. 1792, p. 20141435). The Royal Society.
According to the authors of this article, the fact that conflict and clashes are factors affecting cooperation and humanity has been acknowledged in different spatial contexts. Nevertheless, it has been established that people help each other in times of need, and particularly when in conflict with other people. Further, the authors argue that the groups that portray this kind of cooperation are better off, compared to those comprised of selfish individuals. Further, the study established that one of the core determinants of human cooperation is the social-economic status of the people.
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European Union (2015). Conflict and cooperation over water – The role of the EU in ensuring the realisation of Human Rights. Directorate - General for external Policies, Policy Department. European Parliament. Retrieved from http://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/STUD/2015/549056/EXPO_STU(2015)549056_EN.pdf
This article highlights the necessity of human right to water. Likewise, it seeks to explore the integration of human rights, in not only the governing of water but also resolving water-related conflicts. The author envisions that recognizing human rights as a core component of resolving water conflicts will aid in formulating water governance policies that are equitable. The role of European Union (E.U) in advancing this approach is also highlighted.
Rilling, J. K., Gutman, D. A., Zeh, T. R., Pagnoni, G., Berns, G. S., & Kilts, C. D. (2002). A neural basis for social cooperation. Neuron , 35 (2), 395-405.
This article explores reciprocal altruism as a basis for cooperation. The authors highlight that while not as many species have evolved with regard to reciprocal altruism, it still comprises the primary behavioral principle of social life amongst humans. Further, in their study, the authors established that cooperation was associated with the constant brain activation in areas that are associated with reward processing. Thus the article argues that activating this neural network reinforces reciprocal altruism positively, and therefore enhancing cooperation.
Wall, J. A., & Callister, R. R. (1995). Conflict and its management. Journal of management , 21 (3), 515-558.
The authors of this article present a general overview of conflicts as well as the processes that lead to the development of conflict. Likewise, the article explores the causes and identifies the impacts of conflict. Further, it examines the escalation of conflicts and the differing contexts in which they take place. Based on this, the article looks at the management of conflicts, suggesting various strategies for conflict management and resolution.
Dunbar, R. I., Clark, A., & Hurst, N. L. (1995). Conflict and cooperation among the Vikings: Contingent behavioral decisions. Ethology and Sociobiology , 16 (3), 233-246.
The authors of this article study the Vikings populations in Iceland and Scotland. This is in a bid to show that kinship plays a vital role in a person’s decision on whether to participate in murder or form alliances. The article argues that a person’s willingness to undertake an action that harms another person is dependents on the costs or benefits that realized from such action and the degree of relatedness. High benefits act as a source of motivation and vice versa. On the other hand, it was established that alliances are more often formed between relatives than unrelated families. Further, alliances amongst related persons are more stable.
References
Dunbar, R. I., Clark, A., & Hurst, N. L. (1995). Conflict and cooperation among the Vikings: Contingent behavioral decisions. Ethology and Sociobiology , 16 (3), 233-246.
European Union (2015). Conflict and cooperation over water – The role of the EU in ensuring the realisation of Human Rights. Directorate - General for external Policies, Policy Department. Euopean Parliament. Retrieved from http://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/STUD/2015/549056/EXPO_STU(2015)549056_EN.pdf
Rilling, J. K., Gutman, D. A., Zeh, T. R., Pagnoni, G., Berns, G. S., & Kilts, C. D. (2002). A neural basis for social cooperation. Neuron , 35 (2), 395-405.
Silva, A. S., & Mace, R. (2014, October). Cooperation and conflict: field experiments in Northern Ireland. In Proc. R. Soc. B (Vol. 281, No. 1792, p. 20141435). The Royal Society.
Wall, J. A., & Callister, R. R. (1995). Conflict and its management. Journal of management , 21 (3), 515-558.
