State crimes have been associated with the citizens as opposed to the states for a long time. Kelman (2015) observed that states involved in crimes may drive demand, provide supply or facilitate transportation of illicit flows. States may generate revenue through direct or indirect involvement, procure prohibited items and technology and consolidate domestic authority over their territory through crime (Kelman, 2015). According to Kelman (2015) states are integrated into crimes that spill over to the international community due to globalization.
According to Kelman (2015), some states respond to state involved in crimes by colluding with these states. The weak countries are involved in overt collusions where they seek to earn some revenue from these activities (Kelman, 2015). International states can also collude with crime states by facilitating illegal trade. Montenegro colluded with Serbia in crime by allowing them to smuggle cigarettes to the rest of Europe through Montenegro (Kelman, 2015).
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International countries can also encourage rogue countries to participate in crime by allowing them to carry out trade activities without restrictions. Beijing subsidized the operations of Chinese fishing fleets engaged in poaching activities (Kelman, 2015). States also fail to enforce sanctions imposed on other countries for economic gain. Yugoslavia did not enforce sanctions against Belgrade as they were benefiting economically (Kelman, 2015). Countries can also collude in crime actives by procuring prohibited items. Kelman (2015) stated that Iraq maintained a procurement network for conventional weapons for sale to other countries.
References
Kelman, J. (2015), States can play, too: constructing a typology of state participation in illicit flows, Crime Law Soc Change, 64: 37-55
