The method to use in this case is the observational design. The study includes participants who are first-time incarcerated prisoners and have also finished their last terms. The observation can be done concerning their lives after their release. The prisoners would be the minorities in the prison systems in the U.S. hired through the NYC probation service's support. The way the design is carried out is that when individuals get incarcerated for their first occurrence, such people could be associated with different criminals. The influence means that these people could involve themselves in a second-time crime. Following the prison release, these people could need to see how to settle and live normally, but the influence of being surrounded by criminals in the jail played a central role in raising the tendency to commit another form of crime.
The observational design done to comprehend why the recidivism rate is increased in the U.S. can be done as follows:
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A given number of prisoners can be chosen at random, and every prisoner who was once incarcerated for their first time and completing their prison term is observed after prison release.
In an interview form, particular factors concerning the person's life after being released can be highlighted. Such issues may comprise their treatment levels by the society and whether they received any form of employment or not.
The person can be observed for three years and approached after every five months through either personal interviews or telephony.
The observational design is selected for the study due to the mode of data collection and the depth of the information concerning recidivism without establishing any experimental conditions that could be difficult. For this study, an issue could be foreseen where a participant could be missing during the month within the observations. There could be a drawback, such as the failure to offer comprehensive accounts of a given population's activities in specific situations. Notable, it is not an excellent idea to tell about being a member of a given community in particular conditions.
No manipulation can happen for the research study due to the independent variables' use to help with the internal validity. The external validity would not be easy to ascertain due to the increased number of convicts and the various lengthy terms to be completed. The population would be an area of concern since the people of color would be among the many in the prison systems compared to other groups such as the Caucasians (Mann, 2003). Recruitment could be a challenging task and unethical due to the selection of several blacks. It could cause a problematic scenario for any convicts to take part in the research. Another reason for the issue based on internal validity is that other elements could not be adequate as responses, such as when the participating prisoners fail to address their skills, education, or opportunities during the given period of study. The external validity could also include challenges with the results achieved. Such results could not be used or applied to represent every prison due to the difference in rehabilitation and incarceration facilities and the difference in culture, impacting the prisoners either negatively or positively.
Reference
Mann, C. J. (2003). Observational research methods. Research design II: cohort, cross sectional, and case-control studies. Emergency medicine journal , 20 (1), 54-60.
