Recommendations for Improving Students Low Literacy Scores in the CCRS Test at Brewster Middle School at Camp Lejeune, NC.

Title of the scholarly work: 

College and Career Readiness and the Every Student Succeeds Act. 

Is this a journal article, book, or other? 

This is a journal article. 

Is it peer-reviewed? 

This journal article is peer-reviewed and is a credible source that can be used for further research. 

What is(are) the major topic(s) presented? 

This journal article is a study which addresses the policy push to improve student’s college and career readiness as pertains to Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA) and examined CCR policy within the state of Illinois. 

Which words are repeated often? 

Student college readiness, career readiness, educational equity, education policy, Every Student Succeeds Act. 

How does this scholarly work answer the problem or address the topic? 

The research topic aims at solving the problem of low scores on the CCRS literacy assessment at Brewster Middle School in Camp Lejeune, NC. This research study on the other hand investigates college and career readiness and the Every Student Succeeds Act. The scope of the research is profoundly relevant to this study showcasing how the student readiness for campus and career is affected by the Every Student Succeeds Act. The article analyses critical factors which affect student readiness for college such as educational policy and educational equity which equally affect the test scores on the CCRS literacy assessment. 

How does this scholarly work neglect to answer the problem or address the topic? 

This scholarly work does not directly address the low literacy scores in the CCRS test at Brewster middle School. However, it does address the effect of educational policy on college and career readiness. The two aspects of investigation are merely remotely related to improving test scores. 

What evidence does the scholarly work present regarding the problem or topic? 

The findings of this research study reveal that ESSA includes several state-and local-level opportunities related to CCR and beyond. The study also reveals a disconnect in the way CCR programs are benefiting historically underserved populations. However, it is presumptuous to perceive that other nations have their own policies and processes that is different from ESSA. Progressive implementation plan ought to be implemented regarding CCR in order to close equity gaps. There should be further research regarding how student populations are accessing and benefiting from CCR programs. ESSA has taken substantial nuance and this showcases the extensive and imperfect nature of the Act. Leadership is all crucial in the implementation of CCR. 

What data collection methods were used? 

The study applies a critical analytic approach. The definition of equity advanced by Cook-Harvey, Lam, Roc, Mercer, and Darling-Hammond is the secondary source that this research method is centered on. The research also employs CCR accountability paradigm as developed by Darling Hammond et al (2014). The research also profoundly invested in content analysis. The methodology of this research depended on secondary sources as the method of data collection (qualitative research). 

What data analysis methods were used? 

The method of data analysis used is content analysis. 

What are the strengths of the scholarly work? 

This scholarly work uses peer-reviewed journals for research. The research methodology is also based on accurate data from secondary sources and padded by theory and content analysis as an analytic method. 

What are the limitations of the scholarly work? 

This research study only focuses on Illinois. The methodology does not take into account some form of primary data and survey. It profoundly relies on the results presented in published articles and theories developed by other authors. This makes this research only a mere regeneration of other people’s works, it is not authentic in nature. The results revealed in this research study are not authentic. Further, it is hard to identify the correlation between this research study and the research question. Aptly put, this research study does not objectively answer the research question. 

What is the theoretical or conceptual framework, if presented? 

The theoretical framework is centered on Darling Hammond et al (2014). The research also delves into ESSA and meticulously analyzes how the laws therein affects the college and career readiness for students. 

Does this relate to your study? 

If so, how? 

The conceptual framework is not wholesomely related to my study, rather concepts such as college readiness is subtly related to performance because college required good performance after high school. Improving the literacy scores of students would mean that students would pass their high school diploma and join college. Further, the laws outlined in ESSA and educational equity affects the performance of students. Educational equity, education policy, and Every Student Succeeds Act are concepts that are highly relatable to the topic of improving students’ low literacy scores in the CCRS test at Brewster Middle School at Camp Lejeune, Nc. 

What are the results of the study? 

The findings of this research study reveal that ESSA includes several state-and local-level opportunities related to CCR and beyond. The study also reveals a disconnect in the way CCR programs are benefiting historically underserved populations. However, it is presumptuous to perceive that other nations have their own policies and processes that is different from ESSA. Progressive implementation plan ought to be implemented regarding CCR in order to close equity gaps. There should be further research regarding how student populations are accessing and benefiting from CCR programs. ESSA has taken substantial nuance and this showcases the extensive and imperfect nature of the Act. Leadership is all crucial in the implementation of CCR. 

Include quotes from the scholarly work below (include the page numbers). Use quotes sparingly. 

Illinois legislators and state education officials have engaged in numerous CCR activities to improve curriculum rigor and increase student access over the past two decades, including efforts to better align secondary and postsecondary curriculum and assessments to state standards. 

Include the correctly formatted reference here. 

Malin, J. R., Bragg, D. D., & Hackmann, D. G. (2017). College and career readiness and the Every Student Succeeds Act.  Educational Administration Quarterly ,  53 (5), 809-838 . 

Title of the scholarly work: 

Common Core Standards and their Impact on Standardized Test Design: A New York Case study 

Is this a journal article, book, or other? 

This is a journal article. 

Is it peer-reviewed? 

This journal article is peer reviewed. 

What is(are) the major topic(s) presented? 

Understanding how standards are translated into testing. 

Research investigation into the association between the kinds of test changes and their association with the Common Core (CCSS) and the potential impact of the changes on students and teachers. The research answers three critical questions: 

How did the adoption of CCSS alter the design of high school literacy exams in New York? 

To what extent do exams represent measures of college readiness as opposed to early college equivalence? 

What are the implications of CCSS exam adaptations for the goal of preparing students to be college and career ready? 

Which words are repeated often? 

Common core, standardized testing, literacy 

How does this scholarly work answer the problem or address the topic? 

This research work is profoundly relevant to the topic of discussion. This is because a standard test (CCSS) is discussed in-depth. However, the interest of the topic is CCRS test at Brewster Middle School at Camp Lejeune, NC. The problems addressed in the paper might not be directly applicable to Brewster Middle School but is highly relatable to remediating failure in high schools’ standard tests. Importantly, the literature also delves into the correlation between exams and college readiness – further analyzing career readiness and college equivalence. These metrics broadcasted in the paper provide a profound interface between the researched subject and the emerging trends in education. This evokes the question: should standard tests like CCRS and CCSS be scrapped and college equivalence introduced for gauging college readiness? 

How does this scholarly work neglect to answer the problem or address the topic? 

The research area considered in this scholarly work is New York City. However, the setting of the research question is Brewster Middle School at Camp Lejeune North Carolina. The only link between the two areas covered in each research is that they are within the United States. Therefore, the research is not meant for the immediate area under the research questions. However, the research addresses critical questions which are profoundly relevant to the research questions. Further, this case study is not invested in improving the performance of students in the high school standard tests, rather on the invalidity of the standard test on gauging the fit of the students in joining college. 

What evidence does the scholarly work present regarding the problem or topic? 

The scholarly source provides an accurate analysis of how the standardized tests in high school are imperfectly aligned with the goal of Common Core Standards. There is intense pressure from authorities in New York from the parents to revise the high school standard tests. The case study provides knowledge of the past so that the present and future can be corrected with respect to high school standardized tests. 

What data collection methods were used? 

The data sources for the case study were all the items from 10 exams: eight Regents exams and two sample AP exams. The study analyzed four COMP-ELA tests and four CCSS-ELA tests administered by June 2015 and sample AP English exams. The data collection method and process is meticulous and observation as a method of data collection has been exhaustively used. 

What data analysis methods were used? 

Exams were analyzed for two qualities: complexity and correspondence to CCSS. The quantitative measurement of exams was done based on a Lexile score. 

What are the strengths of the scholarly work? 

As opposed to the earlier source, this source is profoundly related to the research question. This is because the research is centered on answering fundamental questions which include: the validity of CCSS in college and career preparation, the overall impact of high school standardized tests on students and if such ramifications are valid. The test is also base in New York, which is culturally diverse and highly representative. The policies described are highly similar, given the two regions are in the same country. 

What are the limitations of the scholarly work? 

New York and North Carolina are in different states. Therefore, state laws are largely different in these states. This journal article is based on New York are presents the challenges of students in New York. The research question is primarily focused on identifying the solution to a low performance in standardized tests in Brewster Middle school. New York may only provide a roadmap to solving a North Carolina problem. 

What is the theoretical or conceptual framework, if presented? 

The theoretical conceptual framework is based on knowledge obtained from secondary sources which is profoundly different in the two destinations (North Carolina and New York). 

What are the strengths of the scholarly work? 

As opposed to the earlier source, this source is profoundly related to the research question. This is because the research is centered on answering fundamental questions which include: the validity of CCSS in college and career preparation, the overall impact of high school standardized tests on students and if such ramifications are valid. The test is also base in New York, which is culturally diverse and highly representative. The policies described are highly similar, given the two regions are in the same country. 

What are the results of the study? 

What evidence does the scholarly work present regarding the problem or topic? 

The scholarly source provides an accurate analysis of how the standardized tests in high school are imperfectly aligned with the goal of Common Core Standards. There is intense pressure from authorities in New York from the parents to revise the high school standard tests. The case study provides knowledge of the past so that the present and future can be corrected with respect to high school standardized tests. 

Include quotes from the scholarly work below (include the page numbers). Use quotes sparingly. 

When there is a discrepancy between tests and standards, teachers tend to place a greater emphasis on testing. 

Include the correctly formatted reference here. 

Polleck, J. N., & Jeffery, J. V. (2017). Common Core standards and their impact on standardized test design: A New York case study.  High School Journal ,  101 (1), 1-26. 

Paste the link to the article here. 

https://scholarlypublications.universiteitleiden.nl/handle/1887/54811