Curtis, D. (2018). Polygenic risk score for Schizophrenia is more strongly associated with ancestry than with Schizophrenia. Psychiatric Genetics , 28(5) (pp. 85 – 89). Doi: 10.1097/ypg.0000000000000206
In this article, the author starts by stating that the Polygenic Risk Score (PRS) comes from SNPs which incorporate those which are genome-wide important as well as many others inadequately linked to schizophrenia. Such variations are broadly scattered, though focused near genes expressed in the brain. The author also cites that it has been proposed that these SNP links are a consequence of effects on cell regulatory systems which subsequently influence the operation or expression of a number of ‘core’ genes. A study is conducted which uses information obtained from the CommonMind Consortium website, and consists of RNAseq expression data and SNP genotypes from the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, in order to investigate whether or not the expression of single genes or sets of genes linked to PRS in 207 controls and 209 schizophrenia cases. The author concludes that the numerous SNP links observed in schizophrenia may be an outcome of other mechanisms, with the inclusion of effects mediated indirectly through environmental risk factors. This article is suitable for scientists and students studying biology and science.
Delegate your assignment to our experts and they will do the rest.
Malkova, N., Wu, W., & Hsiao, E. Y. (2016). Modeling the maternal immune activation risk factor for schizophrenia. Handbook of Behavioral Neuroscience (pp. 175 – 191). doi: 10, 1016/b978-0-12-800981-9.00011-0
The authors in this article acknowledge Maternal Immune Activation (MIA) as a significant environmental hazard for schizophrenia. Amid different forms of MIA, changing motherly virus contamination by jabbing expectant moles with the twin-threaded RNA polyinosine-polycytidylic capitulate children with firm contrive, appearance, and anticipative genuineness for signs associated with schizophrenia. According to the authors, the model is considered to be robust instrument for evaluating schemes of molecules beneath the etiopathogenesis of schizophrenia. The model is also essential in associated characteristics and can be used to reveal important targets of molecules for intervention. This article has introduced the epidemiological foundations for the MIA prototype and brings forth significant discoveries on postnatal and prenatal differences of the polyinosine-polycytidylic approach. They also give a description of different applicable areas of the prototype to researches of environment-environment and gene-environment relations in schizophrenia. The hazard of MIA in terms of increased proof that immune imbalance adds to the expression of schizophrenia-associated signs have also been discussed. This article is suitable for science students.
McNally, K. (2019). ‘ A critical history of schizophrenia .’ Retrieved on 15 May 2019 from isbn=1349552267
This book is generally a self-conscious research of the idea of schizophrenia. Rather than concentrating on the social contexts of this particular illness, the author has focused on the significant terminological and theoretical dimensions of schizophrenia. He starts by discussing the role of language in the conceptualization of schizophrenia. He then goes on to take on the metaphor of ‘split personality’ where the author disputes claims that the metaphor was an artifact of some mistaken accepted imagination. A plethora of definitions of the disorder has been examined, where the author understands them to operate as ‘social boundaries’ and ‘instruments of pedagogy.’ In the subsequent chapters, the book argues that the rise of the mnemonic distorted Bleuler’s theory. This means that the ‘Four A’s’ identified have no basis in the historical texts. The book concludes by discussing the development of the DSM and efforts to regulate and jointly validate the idea of schizophrenia. This book is useful to psychology researchers and students.
Michaelovsky, E., Carmel, M., Frisch, A., Salmon-Divon, M., Pasmanick-Chor, M., Wiezman, A., & Gothelf, D. (2019). Risk gene-set and pathways in 22q11.2 deletion-related Schizophrenia: A genealogical molecular approach. Translational Psychiatry , 9(1). doi: 10.1038/s41398-018-0354-9
The article starts by stating that schizophrenia is actually a disabling psychological disorder that affects about 1% of the total population with a firm genetic element. The 22q11.2 deletion has also been identified as a firm, but inadequate, ‘initial hit’ genetic risk factor for the disorder. Here, the authors made an effort to point out ‘second hits’ coming from the whole genome from a special multiplex 22q11.2 removal syndrome family. The bioinformatics evaluation of comparative-genomic hybridization and whole-exome sequencing collection made an identity of de novo and innate which are harmful and uncommon variants with the inclusion of variations in copy numbers without including the 22q11.2 area. Additionally, a particular 22q11.2-haplotype got linked to psychosis. A conclusion was made by the authors that the recognition of ‘second hits’ relations with the 22q11.2 haploinsufficiency may have an effect on the neurodevelopmental processes, with an inclusion of neuron projection, histone alteration, and activities of cytoskeleton in 22q11.2DS-related psychosis. They also believe that comprehensive evaluation of multiplex family units is a hopeful move to the molecular pathophysiology revelation of 22q11.2DS-related schizophrenia to possible bearing to treatment. This book is useful to science learners and researchers.
Muser, K. T., & Jeste, D. V. (2017). Genetics of Schizophrenia. Clinical Handbook of Schizophrenia . New York, NY, Guilford Press.
This is a handbook in which the authors have provided practical, clear guidelines for effective evaluation and cure in diverse contexts, following the review of breadths of current knowledge on schizophrenia. Principal authorities have supplied 61 concise chapters on all aspects of this particular disorder together with its clinical control. In lieu of exhaustive literature reviews, each chapter in this handbook has summarized the state of the science, highlighted key points the busy practitioner needs to know, and listed a number of recommended resources. This is with the inclusion of seminal research studies, invaluable medical instruments, among others. Timely, all-inclusive, and authoritative, this book will assist experts in any given setting to better understand and help their patients or clients with serious psychological illness.
Openshaw, R. L., Kwon, J., McColl, A., Penninger, J. M., Cavanagh, J., Pratt, J. A., & Morris, B. J. (2019). JNK signaling mediates aspects of Maternal Immune Activation: Importance of Maternal Genotype in relation to Schizophrenia risk. Journal of Neuroinflammation , 16(1). doi: 10.1186/s12974-019-1408-5
The article starts by citing that recently, much advancement has been seem when comprehending genetic contribution to illness hazard. For most patients, this comes from the association of huge quantities of regular genetic variants solely adding to a small risk increase. The authors go on to state that there is sufficient body of study which indicates that environmental hazards acting in the course of early, pre-, and peri- postnatal periods are also of essence in schizophrenia pathogenesis among adult kids. They also note that significant look into the system where gene-environmental interactions results into the disorder could be attained via premedical researches merging disease-related gene hazard altercations with prenatal immune stimuli. The authors experimented on the Map2k7 gene haploinsufficiency hypothesis in mice stating that it would modify prenatal immune reaction to the viral emulative polyriboinosinic-polyribocytidylic acid (poly:C), particularly discovering the effects of fetal versus maternal genetic variants. This article would greatly assist biology and science researchers and learners.
Picker, J. (2018). ‘Does a diagnosis of Velocardiofacial Syndrome mean schizophrenia?’ Pediatric Neuropsychiatry (pp. 75 – 82). doi: 10. 1007/978-3-319-94998-7_8
In this article, the author presents a case study of a teenage female who has no previous history of psychosis and was referred for concerns about new inception of psychotic symptoms. The 16 year old reported that she saw ‘dead individuals’ at the back of family cars for many months before assessment. This symptom was reported to her psychologist who had been seeing her since fourth grade to help with control of mood and anxiety problems, in addition to teach coping mechanisms. The author goes on to say that this psychiatric transformation prompted important concern that she was actually developing a psychotic disorder which was increased by the existence of comorbid 22q11.2 deletion syndrome, a condition that has over 25% risk for the development of schizophrenia. The case presented by the author highlights the significance of early evaluation and control of persons with schizophrenia. This case is also a demonstration of the possible chances present in improving care by considering features of the syndrome and the psychiatric problems in evaluation and control. This article is helpful to mental health researchers and students.
Brunham, R. C. (2018). The genome, microbiome and evolutionary medicine [Web log post]. Retrieved on 15 May 2019 from https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc5809216
The author in this particular article has discussed evolutionary medicine and how it perceives illness. The revolution in genomics is changing medicine and evolutionary medicine provides the uniting structure by which public and medical health doctors can include genomics in medicine. The author notes that some areas of medicine have already included evolutionary medicine and genomics into medical practices, such as infectious illness, cancer care, and the disciplines of genetics. Evolutionary medicine views the patient as a person whose history has unfolded over a whole life cycle. Furthermore, aging is present because the opportunities of reproducing progressively decline with time due to accrued death risks from external causes. The author has also discussed the evolution of the human genome and its implications for medicine. The evolving microbiome’s role and the groups of illness causation according to evolutionary medicine have also been discussed in this particular article. It concludes by highlighting how evolutionary medicine can transform people’s approach to practicing medicine. This article is useful to medical researchers and students.
Riko, F. (2018). ‘ A critical history of schizophrenia (Palgrave Studies in the theory) [Video file].’ Retrieved on 15 May 2019 from htpps://www.dailymotion.com/video/x44pxi9
This video is a discussion about the history of schizophrenia. Here, Riko cites that the illness was actually a 20 th Century psychiatry’s arch idea of madness. Most individuals at the time did not fully comprehend schizophrenia and those suffering from it were admitted to mental hospitals. The history of schizophrenia explores the disorder’s historic instability through themes such as symptoms, anti-psychiatry, definition, and classification. The video has opened up new ways of comprehending 20 th Century madness, providing useful insights as to how families and friends of schizophrenics underwent and overcame the stigma of being associated with a mad individual. This videos is helpful to all persons, learners or not, who want to understand the history of schizophrenia.
Siswanto, S., Subandi, S., & Paramastri, I. (2019). Father figure and relationship with mother of individual who experiences possession disorder.doi: 10.31124/advance.7440803
The main aim of this article is to explain how parenting, the association with a mother, and the father figure are some of the factors that cause individuals to experience possession disorder. Literature suggests that Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID) incorporate possession disorder caused by abuse and trauma experience (sexual and physical), that takes place in the course of one’s childhood. The technique applied by the authors in a case study was supported by three participants, all females who have experienced possession disorder twice for minimal. The information was gathered through interviewing the participants and their friends or family using semi-structured interview followed by SSCT test. The authors discovered that unconstructive father figures having an ambivalent association with the mother and different parenting by adult become a risk that causes participants to experience possession disorder later. They also discovered that possession disorder is not always as a result of abuse or trauma during one’s childhood. This article is useful to psychology students and researchers.
References
Brunham, R.C. (2018). ‘ The genome, microbiome and evolutionary medicine [Web log post].’ Retrieved on 15 May 2019 from https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc5809216
Curtis, D. (2018). ‘Polygenic risk score for schizophrenia is more strongly associated with ancestry than with schizophrenia.’ Psychiatric Genetics , 28(5). Pp. 85 – 89. doi: 10.1097/ypg.0000000000000206
Malkova, N., Wu, W., & Hsiao, E.Y. (2016). ‘Modeling the maternal immune activation risk factor for schizophrenia.’ Handbook of Behavioral Neuroscience . Pp. 175 – 191. doi: 10,1016/b978-0-12-800981-9.00011-0
McNally, K. (2019). ‘ A critical history of schizophrenia .’ Retrieved on 15 May 2019 from isbn=1349552267
Michaelovsky, E., Carmel, M., Frisch, A., Salmon-Divon, M., Pasmanick-Chor, M., Wiezman, A., & Gothelf, D. (2019). ‘Risk gene-set and pathways in 22q11.2 deletion-related schizophrenia: A genealogical molecular approach.’ Translational Psychiatry , 9(1). doi: 10.1038/s41398-018-0354-9
Muser, K.T., & Jeste, D.V. (2017). Genetics of schizophrenia. In Clinical handbook of schizophrenia . New York, NY: Guilford Press.
Openshaw, R.L., Kwon, J., McColl, A., Penninger, J.M., Cavanagh, J., Pratt, J.A., & Morris, B.J. (2019). ‘JNK signaling mediates aspects of maternal immune activation: Importance of maternal genotype in relation to schizophrenia risk.’ Journal of Neuroinflammation , 16(1). doi: 10.1186/s12974-019-1408-5
Picker, J. (2018). ‘Does a diagnosis of Velocardiofacial Syndrome mean schizophrenia?’ Pediatric Neuropsychiatry . Pp. 75 – 82. doi: 10. 1007/978-3-319-94998-7_8
Riko, F. (2018). ‘ A critical history of schizophrenia (Palgrave Studies in the theory) [Video file].’ Retrieved on 15 May 2019 from htpps://www.dailymotion.com/video/x44pxi9
Siswanto, S., Subandi, S., & Paramastri, I. (2019). Father figure and relationship with mother of individual who experiences possession disorder.doi: 10.31124/advance.7440803
