Children have rights to stay safe and live a life free from violence. Child abuse and child neglect experience jeopardize this right and are a matter of concern in the current error. Child abuse has many effects on child physical well-being and the psychological developments. Moylan, Carrie A., et al. (2010) defines child abuse as a variety of harmful behavior which inflicts pain or pressure and is directed at a harmless and innocent child. He further suggests that child abuse is one of the major causes of children psychological issues and traumas in the world. This article tables some effects of child abuse in the current world. Within the article, psychological effects of child abuse had been discussed; however, the article majors mostly on the physical brutality of the children. This article was published in the years 2010; this means that it is current and covers most of the recent issues of child abuse. The author too has been on the field, and their work cited by others authors hence makes the entire work credible. Bias has been eliminated by using another source as a reference within the article. Currie, Janet, and Cathy Spatz Widom (2010) outline some forms of child abuse that is prevalent in the current world. In their list, the following are included: first is the sexual assault and harassment of young children. The second form of child abuse is the physical abuse. These are inclusive but not limited to child beating, physical brutality and many others. The third is the emotional neglect and ill-treatment; these are inclusive of isolation, abusing and many others. Others also in their list are inclusive of the paedophilia, child neglect, failure for the child to thrive and Munchausen by proxy syndrome. According to these two authors, child abuse has been a matter of great concern, and there is a need to presents it out clearly based on some of the forms in which it manifest. To them, it is important for people to understand some forms and how these issues manifest and also its consequences which it elaborates. Sedlak et al. (2010) in their study of child abuse tables some of the facts which one need to identify to know that a child is being abused. They insist that child abuse is so common. However, it is challenging to identify some form of child abuse as opposed to others. Therefore, he pinpoints one forms of child abuse such as the corporal punishments, excessive and loud confrontations, and sexual feelings or extreme feelings of anger towards the child. The following individuals author this article; Sedlak, A. J., Mettenburg, J., Basena, M., Peta, I., McPherson, K., and Greene. These are authors who have shared knowledge in the field of psychology in different categories. Their work at various levels has been used as sources by other writers. Moreover, they have been quoted by various authors, and this makes their work credible. The work publication is current and means that most of the current issues on child abuse are covered. Bias has been eliminated by quoting other authors and remaining none judgmental.
Sousa et al. (2011) makes it clear that it should be known that child abuse have adverse effects on children. To them, it is high time that people know that child abuse is the sole cause of the psychological problems of children and their consequences are never appealing. The Childs abuse effects can be severe as well as long lasting. The research results presented in this document indicates that most children who have been exposed to child abuse have ended up leading a life and at the adult hood, their lives become less productive. Sousa et al. up more emphasis on the child recovery process after experiencing such abuse and insist that a well-guided recovery process is paramount in ensuring that such child is getting a fruitful life after abuse.
Delegate your assignment to our experts and they will do the rest.
Chartier et al. (2010) table psychological effects of child abuse. According to this article, they mention that at early child hood, brain development is often rapid. Moreover, this development is enhanced by the care giving the child receives at this age. According to them, the development of the brain of a child is enhanced and also can be tampered with the intensity of experiences the child receives from the community, family and friends. For this reason, care needs to be taken to eliminate child abuse. Chartier, Walker and Naimark are the author of this article. These are professors in the field of psychology, and they have been in the area for quite long. Most of their sources have been used for references hence make their work credible. This article was published in the years 2010 hence is very current and updated. To eliminate bias, the report has cited different sources as they present their work in an American psychology association style hence make its biases. Shonkoff et al. (2012) also join other authors in examining the effect of child brutality on their psychological makeup. The main point they make is that at an early stage of the child developments, care should be taken not to expose children to situations which make interfere with their psychology. The article has multiple authors who contributed to the research study presented. Shonkoff, J. P., Garner, A. S., Siegel, B. S., Dobbins, M. I., Earls, M. F., McGuinn, L. and Committee on Early Childhood, Adoption, and Dependent Care, all contributed to the ideas within this article. This alone makes it credible. This is one of the most current articles which majors on the child abuse and related issues.
Hypothesis
In this paper, the hypothesis is that child abuse is directly connected to psychological effect in children who happen to be victims of this circumstance. Regarding the literature review which is presented in this paper, the hypothesis joins the lot that acknowledges the presence of the child abuse and its effects. However, the paper is out to prove that most of the psychological consequences which most children experience especially those who happen to have been subjected to some form of brutality, had labor and other injustices are certainly as result of those actions.
Methodology
Research design
The study incorporates some methods includes some methods including a discussion forum, telephone surveys and the legal case review. The main agenda of the proposal is to come theoretical and informative empirical on the psychological effects of child abuse. With this in mind, the study will mostly analyze some of the critical psychological experiences and effects children feel when abused and how they era affected by these issues. The study will take places in Florida where some cities will be sampled out.
Study sample and the sampling techniques
The study will be done on different faces which will largely depend on the methods of data collections. The first phase will be a telephone interview with the with some law enforcement agencies in various cities within Florida state. The list which will be interview includes, police officers, victims of child abuse, anti-child abuse within the state and the others. The next step is to have a list of cities within the state of Florida which child abuse is rampant. The cluster sampling technique will provide us with five cities, and these are the Alachua, Oviedo, Palm Bay, Holly hill and Maria. Considering time factors, the sample size will be reduced to two cities. To give an equal opportunity for the selection in the study, random sampling is very effective and will be used to sample out the two towns. Finally, Palm Bay and Oviedo will be selected. The criteria for the selected record for the child abuse within the towns. One hundred participants for the telephone survey will be contacted and ask different questions. The second phase of the research proposal will be the document review. The is a secondary research where legal case on issues pertaining child abuse will be thoroughly examined and scrutinized to come up with a conclusion on some of the psychological effects of child abuse. Comprehensive information from ten popular articles on child abuse will be put under the microscope. Thirdly legal cases from different articles will be selected. Random sampling for equal opportunity will be given consideration, and ten pieces will be sampled out to and majored on.
Data collection method
As already mentioned, the data which will be used in making a conclusion on these issues will be collected using the following techniques. First, there will telephone survey. The rationale for using this method is that it reaches many people within a short time. Also, it minimizes the cost of transport and others. The next method is the legal case review. The rational is to have the secondary data on psychological effects of child abuse covered in this various research proposal. The final data collection method will be a closed door discussion. This sampling will be used to select ten officials who are either directly or indirectly involved or affected by child abuse. Rationale is to have people view as a first-hand information for comparison with the collected data. Lastly, a consent form will be used to address ethics, and when disusing, no names of the respondents will be uncovered.
Limitations
The first limitation is the accuracy. The study involved telephone survey where physical contact is eliminated hence bias is a factor which cannot be ignored. The next challenge was finding the contact for the target respondent. This was a challenge and most occasions; we had to settle for second fiddle. Last is biased since the secondary data is used.
Finding and discussions
There were several finding; however, the primary findings were as follows. First, 69% admitted the knowledge of child abuse in Florida. In this satisfies the first part of my hypothesis which indicated that child abuse exists in the world. Alternatively, it supports the view of the article authors this paper has reviewed since all of them acknowledge the presence of child abuse. Another significant finding was some of the forms of psychological effects of child abuse. 56% of respondents from telephone interview, 80% of the participants from the discussion forum and 65% of mentioned significant psychological effect of child abuse. Some of the common psychological effects mentioned are anxiety, depressions, dissociations, inability in concentrating flashback, increased hypervigilance, difficulty in sleeping, and many others. These are then tied up with child abuse. This is what others in the literature review mentioned. Alternatively, this is what the paper hypothesized. Lastly, according to the result, Oviedo had more victims standing at 54% to its counterpart standing at 40%, 6% percent were undecided.
Conclusion, the paper has majored on the psychological effects of child abuse. This per has used both empirical data and theoretical data to prove that psychological effects are the result of child abuse.
References
Chartier, M. J., Walker, J. R., & Naimark, B. (2010). Separate and cumulative effects of adverse childhood experiences in predicting adult health and health care utilization. Child abuse & neglect , 34 (6), 454-464.
Currie, J., & Spatz Widom, C. (2010). Long-term consequences of child abuse and neglect on adult economic well-being. Child maltreatment , 15 (2), 111-120.
Moylan, C. A., Herrenkohl, T. I., Sousa, C., Tajima, E. A., Herrenkohl, R. C., & Russo, M. J. (2010). The effects of child abuse and exposure to domestic violence on adolescent internalizing and externalizing behaviour problems. Journal of family Violence , 25 (1), 53-63.
Sedlak, A. J., Mettenburg, J., Basena, M., Peta, I., McPherson, K., & Greene, A. (2010). Fourth national incidence study of child abuse and neglect (NIS-4). Washington, DC: US Department of Health and Human Services. Retrieved on July , 9 , 2010.
Shonkoff, J. P., Garner, A. S., Siegel, B. S., Dobbins, M. I., Earls, M. F., McGuinn, L., ... & Committee on Early Childhood, Adoption, and Dependent Care. (2012). The lifelong effects of early childhood adversity and toxic stress. Pediatrics , 129 (1), e232-e246.
Sousa, C., Herrenkohl, T. I., Moylan, C. A., Tajima, E. A., Klika, J. B., Herrenkohl, R. C., & Russo, M. J. (2011). Longitudinal study on the effects of child abuse and children’s exposure to domestic violence, parent-child attachments, and antisocial behavior in adolescence. Journal of interpersonal violence , 26 (1), 111-136.
