A confound is considered as varying threats to the validity of a psychological research. In particular, after an experiment confound as a variable is expected to remain constant but the findings of the experiment indicate that the constant variable was unintentionally left to vary.
Dr. Case used the multiple baseline design. The research process used multiple respondents that were carefully observed and the required measures were taken. Using the likeliness of factor that obesity is generally deducted to great population of the sample. It is assumed that the data collection schedules and the research limits were earlier analyzed. Besides, having the study sample undergo a similar treatment when collecting the information eliminated a possible confound in regards to experimental bias.
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Dr. Almond collected a sample that was part of the longitudinal and cross-sectional aging study. In his case he used the mixed methods research design. This is because the method allowed him to use the perspective of obesity being related to old age or that obesity increases with age. Further, due to his experience in the medical field he had already hypothesized the outcome of his observation. Moreover, the research design does not restrict the technique of data collection. As such, he used the method that was available to him and that was taking measurements and observing different habits over time. In mixed methods design, the interpretation is continual hence he repeated the process after every 25 years. In this regard, his influence over the traits in the experiment in different stages cannot be attributed to his experiments. Hence, providing a confounding variable in terms of the set baselines as they lack similarities in response.
