Cell stem study as shed light on aging and muscle stem cells, as discussed by Hwang & Brack (2018). Tissue repair is carried out by muscle stem cells population recognized as satellite cells (SCs). The cells become active only when required, such as during an injury and response is done through cell-intrinsic signals or the micro-environment. The dysfunction of SCs contributes to aging due to the decline in regenerative activities of muscle tissue. Stem cell research has helped in developing factors for reversing age changes. The environment also plays a significant role in aging and effects on muscle regeneration, but the process can be modified through stem cells.
According to Montel-Hagen, Seet, Li, Chick, Zhu, Chang, He (2019), stem research has been applied in the organic-introduced variation of T cells from the pluripotent stem cells in human beings. The process was a challenge until stem cell research was introduced. The methods that are applied in the process are efficient terminal differentiation and Hematopoietic specification. The process helps in creating cells that are able to fight health problems such as cancer. The success of organic-induced differentiation has made it possible for T cell therapies, and they are now accessible, affordable, and effective.
Delegate your assignment to our experts and they will do the rest.
Fox, Chakraverty, Burns, Carpenter, Thomson, Lowe, & Bigley (2018) discuss the success of treating primary immunodeficiency in adults after transplantation of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell. Primary immunodeficiencies (PIDs) are genetic conditions, which are seen with severe immunity dysfunction. The first research of treating PIDs using transplantation of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cells was successful in young people only. However, a research conducted on twenty-nine adults’ patients underwent the process and it indicated success. Follow-up on the patients was done, and the study indicated that 87 % of the patients did not have ant recurrent or persistent infections. The study stated that stem cell transportation is a success also in adults.
Stem cell studies have also been applied in differentiating pluripotent stem cells that are human indicted into nucleus pulposus-lice cells (Tang, Jing, Willard, Wu, Guilak, Chen, & Setton, 2018). The process helps in addressing intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration. The health problem results from the reduction of cellularity in nucleus pulposus (NP) at an early stage. The health issue is associated with progressive degeneration, associated extracellular changes in the matrix, and reduced hydration. Stem cell therapy is used in nucleus pulposus therapy to reduce degeneration and enhance the regeneration of sources of cells such as allogeneic chondrocytes, stem cells, autologous, or primary IVD cells.
Stem cell research has a significant role in fibrinolysis inhibition, as discussed by Mühleder, Pill, Schaupper, Labuda, Priglinger, Hofbauer, & Holnthoner (2018). Fibrinolysis inhibition has a significant role to play in vascular networks that are engineered from endothelial cells and stem cells derived from adipose. The studies of endothelial cells indicate that through co-cultures, the microvascular tissue will be able to receive oxygen and nutrient supply. Stem cells research is expected to help address the scaffold degradation and medium growth problem. The process will address fibrin degradation, thus enhancing the activities of thrombin and vascular network.
Barker, Carpenter, Forbes, Goldman, Jamieson, Murry, & Weir (2018) discuss the challenges that were experienced with the initial human stem cell clinical trials. Most of the clinical trials were unproven and untested, and that resulted in confusion and the need to carry out more studies. Continuous tests would help establish minimal risk depending on substantial evidence. The uncertainty led institutions such as the International Society for Stem Cell Research (ISSCR) to develop practical questions that would be used to provide evidence-based answers that would be used in approving stem-cell studies. The process helped to reduce uncertainties since a trial would be passed only after showing a success.
References
Barker, R. A., Carpenter, M. K., Forbes, S., Goldman, S. A., Jamieson, C., Murry, C. E., ... & Weir, G. (2018). The challenges of first-in-human stem cell clinical trials: what does this mean for ethics and Institutional Review Boards? Stem cell reports , 10 (5), 1429-1431.
Fox, T. A., Chakraverty, R., Burns, S., Carpenter, B., Thomson, K., Lowe, D., ... & Bigley, V. (2018). Successful outcome following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in adults with primary immunodeficiency. Blood , 131 (8), 917-931.
Hwang, A. B., & Brack, A. S. (2018). Muscle stem cells and aging. In Current topics in developmental biology (Vol. 126, pp. 299-322). Academic Press.
Montel-Hagen, A., Seet, C. S., Li, S., Chick, B., Zhu, Y., Chang, P., ... & He, C. (2019). Organoid-induced differentiation of conventional T cells from human pluripotent stem cells. Cell stem cell , 24 (3), 376-389.
Mühleder, S., Pill, K., Schaupper, M., Labuda, K., Priglinger, E., Hofbauer, P., ... & Holnthoner, W. (2018). The role of fibrinolysis inhibition in engineered vascular networks derived from endothelial cells and adipose-derived stem cells. Stem cell research & therapy , 9 (1), 35.
Tang, R., Jing, L., Willard, V. P., Wu, C. L., Guilak, F., Chen, J., & Setton, L. A. (2018). Differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells into nucleus pulposus-like cells. Stem cell research & therapy , 9 (1), 61.
