Institutional racism represents a systematic bias in the distribution of the resources, opportunities, as well as power to the people based on the social, economic, political, racial, and ethnic backgrounds (Walter, Ruiz, Tourse, Kress, Morningstar, MacArthur & Daniels, 2017). In this form of racism, the hierarchical structure comes up with policies to govern the institutions whereby the policies favor racism, especially to the Blacks. The institutions exclude non-whites from accessing services and opportunities such as schools, health institutions, churches, courts, and government.
The health institutions may be biased in the way they give the health services, and the Blacks are not allowed to access the health services as the Whites do. The hospitals may fail to give quality services to the non-whites, or may altogether refuse to treat the Blacks completely. Besides, job opportunities at the health center or other institutions are not given to the people who are not Whites, even if they have the highest level of education. The resources and facilities are not distributed equally in the regions based on the color of people living there (Walter et al., 2017).
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Schools also practice institutional racism where the Black child is not allowed to school in the same school with Whites. So the Blacks are forced to have their schools and teachers. Moreover, the government does not give support to those institutions as it does to the school with White students. The Whites-only take the government positions; the Blacks have no say in the government and cannot present their candidate for a position in the government jobs (Walter et al., 2017).
It is also worth noting that institutional racism is the societal pattern and structure, which oppress or impose unfavorable conditions to the minority group, based on social, economic, political, educational, racial, and ethnic backgrounds. Institutional racism is also called societal racism, which may come from the government, schools, health organizations, or court. It is different from individual racism since it affects a large number of people, such as when a school fails to accept Blacks in their school.
Reference
Walter, A. W., Ruiz, Y., Tourse, R. W. C., Kress, H., Morningstar, B., MacArthur, B., & Daniels, A. (2017). Leadership matters: How hidden biases perpetuate institutional racism in organizations. Human Service Organizations: Management, Leadership & Governance , 41 (3), 213-221.
